488 UNITED STATES. 



the cut stone, are laid in terras mortar. On tjie 

 pier next to the Fennsylvaaia shore, three courses, of 

 cut stone are laid, rising above the foundation tp the 

 height of four feet seven inches^ Qn .^af;h 5 of Jije 

 other piers^ one course only of cut stone is laid, of 

 twenty and twenty -two inches fn depth; in whicU 

 situation ice and every other floating substance will 

 run over them during the wlrfc^er and spring seasons* 



The span between the Pennsylvania abutment 

 and the first pier, as also between each of the other 

 piers, is one hundred and Binety« four feet ; ^ml^rppi 

 the New Jersey abutment to the first pier, the spau 

 is one hundred and iifty.. six feet, leaving a w^ter 

 way of nine hundred and thirty-two feet, out pf 

 eleven hundred, the distance across the. rivei:; from 

 the top of one bank to the other* ,. 



The piers are ail carried up with cut stone, in 

 courses of range work, vcvrying in depth, as they 

 proceed upwards, from twenty-five to eight inches^ 

 until they rise to the top course, which is twelve 

 inches, with the sides and lower end battering half 

 an inch in the foot; these, stones extend into the bod}' 

 of the work, from eight inches to five feet, , The ex- 

 terior or cut stone, as high as the water has ever 

 been known to rise, is laid in terras mortar; and. 

 throughout the v/hole extent, iengthw4.ys, every se- 

 cond or third course, c]am|>ed together Vv^iih iron 

 clamps. Crosswise also of tiue piers, every third or 

 fourth course, eiglit or more iron cramps are ex- 

 tended from side to sid6,^^^nd>k;t -into the courses of 

 cut stone. These, together with "a vast number of 

 l;)ranch cramps, it is presumed will eifectually se- 

 cure the wh'jic from spreading or giving way in any 



