VEGETABLES. 291 



fruit of the tree. These galls are full of 

 small insects, some of which are winged, 

 and some not. The parent insect is of the 

 genus of cynips. Some poplars in the gar- 

 den are quite loaded with these excres- 

 cences. White. 



CHESNUT TIMBER. 



John Carpenter brings home some old 

 chesnut-trees which are very long ; in se- 

 veral places the wood-peckers had begun 

 to bore them. The timber and bark of 

 these trees are so very like oak, as might 

 easily deceive an indifferent observer, but 

 the wood is very shakey, and towards the 

 heart cup-shakey (that is to say, apt to se- 

 parate in round pieces like cups), so that 

 the inward parts are of no use. They are 

 bought for the purpose of cooperage, but 

 must make but ordinary barrels, buckets, 

 &c. Chesnut sells for half the price of oak ; 

 but has sometimes been sent into the king's 

 dock, and passed off instead of oak. 



White. 



u 5 



