UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS 



BULLETIN OF THE DEPARTMENT OF 



GEOLOGY 



Vol. 9, No. 11, pp. 121-135, 12 text figures Issued February 23, 1916 



A STUDY OF THE SKULL AND DENTITION OF 

 BISON ANTIQUUS LEIDY, WITH SPECIAL 

 REFERENCE TO MATERIAL FROM 

 THE PACIFIC COAST 



BY 



ASA C. CHANDLER 



CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Introduction 121 



Individual and Sexual Variation in Existing Species 122 



Bison bison (Linnaeus) 122 



Bison bonasus 124 



General Account of Bison antiquus 124 



Historical 124 



Description of New Material 124 



Cranium 126 



Dentition 132 



Conclusions 135 



Introduction 



Few groups of Pleistocene vertebrates have given occasion for such 

 large difference of opinion regarding the status and relation of forms 

 as have the bison. The extremes of views held in regard to the speci- 

 ation of bison have been held by Brandt 1 and Lilljeborg 2 on one hand, 

 who regarded all the bison, both living and extinct, as representing 

 a single species, and Lucas 3 on the other, the latter recognizing no 

 less than seven species from North America alone. Hay 4 has recently 



1 Brandt, J. F., Zoogeog. und Palaeont. Beitrage, pp. 101-152 (Verhandl. 

 mineral. Gesells. St. Petersburg, vol. 2, 1865). 



2 Lilljeborg, 1874. 



a Lucas, F. A., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, pp. 755-771, pis. 65-82, 1899. 

 ■* Hay, O. P., Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 46, pp. 161-200, pis. 8-19, 1913. 



