1916] 



Merriam: Fauna of Cedar Mountain Region 



165 



and Buwalda. Remains of trees of considerable size were found in 

 abundance in many localities. About one mile from Stewart Spring 

 a silicified tree trunk not less than six feet in diameter is exposed. 



Buwalda lists the following molluscan forms from the Cedar 

 Mountain beds : 



Heliosoma cordillerana Hannibal Melania, near sculptilis Meek 



Viviparus turneri Hannibal Corneocyclas meeki Hannibal 



The Heliosma and Viviparus are both abundant in the type section 

 of the Esmeralda formation as well as in the Cedar Mountain beds. 

 The Melania-like form is near a species described from the Truckee 

 beds of the Kawsoh Mountain. 



Mammalian remains are known from many localities in the Cedar 

 Mountain sediments of lone Valley and Stewart Valley. They are 

 most abundant in the sandstones and tuffs, but a few specimens have 

 been discovered in angular terrestrial deposits. The material con- 

 sists commonly of scattered bones, which often give evidence of weather- 

 ing before burial. Connected parts of the type specimen of Hypo- 

 hippus (Drymoliippus) nevaclensis were found in a slab of fine-grained 

 ashy rock containing a large percentage of lime. 



Conditions of occurrence indicate that the mammalian remains 

 of the Esmeralda beds in the Cedar Mountain region were buried in 

 part in shore deposits bordering fresh-water lakes, and in part were 

 entombed in purely terrestrial beds. Remains of the smaller land 

 mammals, including all of the rodents, are best known in association 

 with those of fish in shore deposits of a lake. Bones of the larger 

 land mammals occur to some extent in terrestrial beds. 



RELATION OP ESMERALDA FORMATION TO 

 CEDAR MOUNTAIN BEDS 



In his study of the Cedar Mountain region Dr. Buwalda 4 has 

 shown that the extensive areas of Tertiary sediments examined in 

 Stewart Valley and in lone Valley can be traced stratigraphically into 

 the Esmeralda formation described by H. W. Turner in the region of 

 Silver Peak to the south. In order to assemble all information con- 

 cerning the time relations of the Cedar Mountain fauna, it is there- 

 fore desirable to include in this paper a brief statement of the 

 geologic relations of the Esmeralda formation at the type locality, 



* Buwalda, J. P., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. "Dept. Geol. vol. 8, no 19, 1914. 



