142 



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THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



and leave nothing unconverted into flour which 

 could add either to the weight or the quality 

 of the loaf. In considering this arrangement, 

 we cannot fail to be struck with the analogy 

 subsisting between it and that which we ob- 

 serve in the construction of the jaws of ani- 

 mals — a circumstance which assures us of its 

 philosophical superiority. 



There were three trials as regarded the old 

 system and the new. The first experiment on 

 the old mill gave a discharge of 1 6 lbs. of flour 

 in five minutes, which was equal to 192 lbs. 

 per hour; while upon the patent mill there was 

 a discharge of 38| lbs. in five minutes, or 462 

 lbs. per hour. The difference, therefore, on that 

 experiment was against the old system 270 lbs. 

 per hour. The second experiment tried was 

 even more favorable as regarded the new system. 



Two conical mills worked against two on the 

 flat principle for one hour, ascertained exactly, 

 and with the following results : 



Conical mill (No. 1) produced 8f bushels. 



Conical mill (No. 2) produced 1% bushels. 



Flat mill (No. 1) produced 3 bushels. 



Flat mill (No. 2) produced 3 bushels. 



From the Journal of the U. S. Agricultural Society. 

 SQUASHES AND PUMPKINS, 



BY THADDEUS WM. HARRIS, HARVARD COLLEGE. 



I am now acquainted with ten different kinds 

 of pumpkins and squashes belonging to the same 

 group as the Valparaiso, Cuba and Marrow. 



1. The mammoth pumpkin, of Potiron (Cu- 

 curbita maxima.) The fertile flowers have five 

 Stigmas, and the fruit five carpels ; having raised 

 it in my own garden during the past summer, 

 I can vouch for the fact. 



2. A glaucous or greyish-green pumpkin or 

 squash, more or less turbinated or top-shaped, 

 growing to a large size (three and a half feet 

 or more in circumference,) mistaken by some 

 seedsmen for the mammoth pumpkin. It was 

 raised in my garden in the summer of 1851, 

 and was found to have four or five stigmas and 

 the same number of carpels. 



3. Mr. Cole's Connecticut pie-squash or pump- 

 kin. Spherical or spheroidal, three and a half 

 feet in circumference. Raised in my garden 

 in the summer of 1851. Stigmas mostly four ; 

 in a few flowers, five. Carpels mostly four; a 

 few of the fruit had five. 



4. Elongated Valparaiso squash, tapering 

 very much at each end, striped longitudinally 

 with white. Raised from Valparaiso seed in 

 the summer of 1851, in my garden. Stigmas 

 and carpels five in number. 



5. The common ovate Valparaiso I have not 

 raised; but have bought and cut many speci- 

 mens, in all of which I found four carpels. I 

 have examined the young fruit, growing in 

 grounds of my friends, and found often five 

 carpels. 



6. The autumnal marrow, introduced into 

 notice and use by Mr. Ives of Salem. This 

 forms an exception to the general rule in the 

 fruits of this group; having ordinarily only 

 three carpels, and but three stigmas. Four in 

 some rare cases are, however, to be found, as 

 already stated. 



7. The Cushaw squash, probably introduced 

 from Louisiana, where it was known and culti- 

 vated more than one hundred years ago. It 

 is mentioned by LePage du Pratz, in his His- 

 toire de la Louisiane, Vol. II, p. 11, by name 

 of Giromon en forme de cwde-chasse (hunting 

 horn,) and by the translator of the work by the 

 vernacular name of Cushaw. This is a crook- 

 necked squash, with permanent nipple-formed 

 style, and stem like that of the marrow. It 

 has only three carpels, at least I found but 

 three in the few specimens that grew in my 

 garden in 1852. It is so tender and delicate 

 that it rots in our climate before it becomes 

 fully ripe. 



8. The Acorn-squash, evidently nothing but 

 a variety of the one called by French writers 

 Le Pepo?i turban (Cucurbita piliformis of 

 Duchesne.) Fine specimens were raised in my 

 garden in the summer of 1851. It is the hea- 

 viest squash of its size that is known to me, 

 and one of the best flavored. Flowers mostly 

 with five stigmas, some with four; carpels five 

 or four. 



9. Mr. Stetson's Cuba squash. Though I 

 have not yet cut it, I am convinced from its 

 external characters that it must contain five 

 carpels. 



1 0. Mr. Dunn's round rough-skinned pump- 

 kin or squash, weighing one hundred and fifty 

 pounds, which was exhibited at the annual Hor- 

 ticultural Exhibition. This probably had five 

 carpels — if its external characters are to be 

 relied upon. 



In the same group are to be placed Mr. 

 Hyde's Coquimbe squash, and Mr. Pope's Ca- 

 lifornia squash, which were exhibited last Sep- 

 tember. The number of carpels in those is 

 unknown to me, not having seen them cut. 

 Probably in both will be found more than three 

 carpels. 



I have enumerated these kinds in order to 

 show that the group, characterized by me, has 

 been established upon personal examination and 

 dissection of most of the known varieties ; and 

 that the character of five or four stigmas and 



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