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THE AMERICAN NATURALIST [Vol. XLIV 



of life studies of wolves (head-pieces) ; a full-page plate of a 

 gray wolf scratching himself (four figures) ; full-page plate of 

 gray wolf approaching to attack ; photographs of Lobo in a trap 

 (half-tone plate, two views) ; tracks of large gray wolf (full- 

 page illustration) ; the grayhound that followed too far (full- 

 page plate of wolf and dog) ; "blood on the trail" (full-page 

 study from life) ; and tail-piece; all (except the half-tone plate) 

 from drawings by the author. The text gives the gray wolf's 

 technical and vernacular names, its external characters and its 

 life history; the latter under the side-headings: range individ- 

 ual range, abundance, sociability, mating, life-long union, den, 

 gestation, young, maternal instinct, urowth of young, feeding 

 young, enemies, education, history, habits, never attack man, 

 fishing, food, moose-killer, storage, property instinct, doping, 

 voice, intercommunication, smell-power, odor-glands, wolf tele- 

 phones, registering, expression of scorn, expression of anger, 

 some remarkable wolves, courage of wolves, chivalry, speed, 

 track, strength, swimming, social amusements, sanitation, hybrid- 

 ity, as training-dogs, dogginess, latent ferocity, diseases, wolf- 

 killing, poisoning, trapping, fur. The other species are treated 

 wilh similar detail, but the [mints especially considered vary, of 

 course, with the traits and distinctive haunts and manner of life 

 of different species. 



The heading "never attack man" is somewhat modified in the 



Their extreme shyness is partly a modern development, as also is the 

 respect for man, which now possesses every gray wolf in the cattle 

 country. There are many records that show the wolf to have been a 



