No. 519] THE (OLE/SHIP OF ARAN E ADS 163 



The male stands with his body well elevated above the 

 ground (an attitude that the female takes only when she 

 is aggressive) on his three posterior pairs of legs, his 

 head higher than his abdomen. ... He waves his palpi 

 upward in the air (i. e., straightening them out before his 

 head) and flexes them outward, from one to three times, 

 then draws his body slightly backward and downward, 

 rapidly waving in the air the outstretched palpi and first 

 pair of legs, and spasmodically shaking the whole body 

 with the violence of the movement. . . . The male recog- 

 nizes a female as such immediately on touch ; whether he 

 recognizes her by sight alone I can not tell. In courting a 

 fleeing female the male appears to follow her mainly by 

 sight, ' ' but only when she is moving. In lycosids, accord- 

 ingly, there is no courtship or else a complicated one ; sex 

 recognition is by touch alone, or by touch and sight com- 

 bined. 



For the attids we have a considerable number of ob- 

 servations. Seidel (1847) states that at the time of mat- 

 ing several females of Salticus scenicus Ilahn seek out 

 one male and live' with him. But the greater part of our 

 knowledge on this group is due to the Peckhams. In 

 1889 they described the courtship of Saitis, Epiblemum, 

 Idas, Hasarius, Synageles, Marptusa, Phidippus, D en- 

 dry pliant es, Zygoballus, II abro oestrum, Philaeus and 

 Astia, with full delineations, accompanied by excellent 

 drawings, of the posturings and movements of the male, 

 which in some species are the most complex yet known. 

 There are peculiar jumping and wheeling movements 

 constituting dances, besides erection and display of those 

 parts of the body that are strikingly colored and modified. 

 We have not space here to repeat their descriptions and 

 could not, indeed, do justice to them in a short summary; 

 the reader should refer to the original memoir. In a 

 following paper (1890) these authors describe the court- 

 ship of Habrocestrum, which is peculiar in that a male 

 exhibits an ornamentation of the third pair of legs, and 

 they give new figures of the attitudes of Synageles picata. 



