No. 521] NOTES AND LITERATURE 



317 



there was no trace of those organs in the moth; all that remained 

 of the sex apparatus was a rudiment of the vas deferens on each 

 side and the ehitinous supports of the copulatory apparatus 

 whose anlage had not been removed. To make sure that the 

 lack of the accessory organs was not influenced by the absence 

 of the testes, some experiments were done in which the testes were 

 left intact and merely the anlage of the accessory organs was 

 removed. As a result, moths were obtained whose testes were 

 normal and the short ducts leading from them filled with mature 

 sperm, but none of the accessory apparatus was present whose 

 anlage had been removed. There was no influence on the sec- 

 ondary sexual characters when castration was followed by 

 removal of the anlage of the accessory organs. 



In moths whose ovaries had been removed there was usually 

 no effect on the accessory sexual organs or on the secondary 

 sexual characters. Sometimes, however, there was a slight effect 

 on parts of the accessory apparatus, such as an increase in the 

 ramifications of the cement glands, an increase or a decrease in 

 the length of the oviducts. Likewise there was sometimes a 

 slight .effect on the secondary sexual characters, in that the 

 ground color of the wings was somewhat darker than normal. 

 When the anlage of any part of the accessory sexual apparatus 

 was removed, that part was not present in the adult. 



The transplantation of a testis into the body of a female from 

 which one ovary had been removed was successful in only one 

 case. The operation was done in the third caterpillar stage 

 when the testis is still quite small and at a low stage of develop- 

 ment. The testis developed normally in the body of the female 



well developed. The transplanted testis had no influence what- 

 ever on the external somatic characters, which were of the usual 

 female type. 



