No. 522] .1 CARBONIFEROUS SALAMANDER 371 



distance of four millimeters. Tn its upward course, im- 

 mediately on leaving the anal region, the intestine en- 

 larges and practically the same enlargement continues 

 throughout the remainder of its course to the anus. At 

 the distance of a millimeter from the anal end the rectum 

 dilates proltahly an eighth of a millimeter to form the 



cloaca. After the intestine has continued its parallel 

 course for the four millimeters as stated above, it turns 

 abruptly to the right for a distance of two millimeters. 

 It then runs posteriorly for a short distance, then bends 

 back and under itself to again make a double sigmoid 

 curve, when at a distance of six millimeters from the anus 

 it assumes a straight course which it continues to the end 

 (Fig. 3). 



The anus lies at a level which is approximately that 



