No. 525] THE SAUROPODOUS DINOSAURS 557 



ments in some detail. He then gives a careful and critical 

 presentation of the evidence afforded by the form and 

 relations of the different parts of the skeleton. He con- 

 cludes that the generally accepted poses, as shown in the 

 several skeletons of Sauropoda that have been mounted, 

 and in the published restorations by Marsh, Hatcher, 

 Holland and Osborn, are in the main correct, except that 

 the scapula should be somewhat more vertical, the elbow 

 directed more outward, and fore and hind foot completely 

 digit i grade. He finds no warrant for the radical changes 

 in pose recommended by Tornier and Hay. The evidence 

 can not well be condensed within the limits of a review. 

 The marked analogy to the elephants, especially in the 

 proportions and relations of both fore and hind feet, and 

 in the limb bones the relationship to the bipedal dino- 

 saurs, much closer than to the crawling reptiles, the 

 mechanical requirements for the support of a body of the 

 size and proportions of a Sauropod dinosaur, are the 

 chief criteria used to interpret the direct indications 

 from the bones of the Diplodocus skeleton. 



Dr. Abel's conclusions may be condensed from his sum- 

 mary as follows : 



1. The animal did not crawl, but walked, with the body 

 well clear from the ground, the knee bending forward, the 

 elbow outward and backward, the feet digitigrade as in 

 the elephant. In a standing position the angle at the knee 

 was slight (15°), while the bend at the elbow was more 

 considerable (60°). The fore feet were longer and more 

 completely digitigrade than the hind feet ; both fore and 

 hind feet were exaxonic, the weight of the body resting 

 chiefly on the outer digits, which were heavily padded, 

 with rudimentary toes, while the innermost toe of the 

 fore foot and the inner three toes of the hind foot bore 

 large blunt claws. 



2. The body was deep and narrow, strongly arched 

 from front to back, the neck long and flexible, normally 

 carried forward, with the head continued in the same 

 direction. 



