1916] Moody: Fauna of the Fernando of Los Angeles 47 



Epitonium retiporosa Carpenter for the first time takes its place 

 in a fossil faunal list. Murex (Ocinebra) peritus Hinds, Cancellaria 

 crawfordiana Dall and Admete gracilior Carpenter, uncommon as 

 fossils, appear in splendidly preserved individuals. No less than 

 fifteen members of the Turritidae are present, of which Turris perversa 

 Gabb occurs in the greatest abundance. Other gastropods which are 

 exceedingly abundant are Turrit ella cooperi Carpenter, T. jeivetti 

 Carpenter, Columbella carinata Hinds, and Psephis tantilla Could. 



Several species are of interest in their bearing on the correlation 

 of the clay deposits with known horizons in the standard Coast Range 

 section. Of these the peetens are of great importance ; nine species 

 appear in the fauna, eight of which have been identified. Three of 

 the recognized species — Pecten healeyi Arnold, Pecten hemphilli Dall, 

 and Pecten opuntia Dall — are believed to be confined to the Pliocene. 

 An additional form not known to occur above the Pliocene is Thracia 

 trapezoides Conrad. Of especial correlative value is the discovery 

 in the Los Angeles material of Turris (Drillia) mercedensis Martin 13 

 and of Natica orbicularis Nomland, 14 two recently described Pliocene 

 species, the former from the Merced of northern California, and the 

 latter from the Etchegoin of the southern San Joaquin Valley. 



An anomalous feature of a fauna bearing several restricted Pliocene 

 forms is the appearance of Strongylocentrotus in some abundance; 

 spines and fragments of the test of both the West Coast species of 

 this living echinoid are quite common. Strongylocentrotus has been 

 reported from the San Diego beds by Arnold 13 and spines referable 

 to this genus, associated with Pecten healeyi and Epitonium varico- 

 stata, occur in material collected there by Dr. E. L. Packard. Thus 

 the close similarity between the Pliocene fauna of San Diego and the 

 Los Angeles fauna is emphasized. 



After a study of the bathymetric range of each species it appears 

 that the fauna lived in comparatively shallow water. Of the 114 

 living species, nineteen are now confined to waters considerably north 

 of the latitude of Los Angeles, although some of them have been 

 dredged from deep water south of the Channel Islands. None of 

 the species, with the possible exception of a small indeterminable Area, 

 can be regarded as typically southern forms. Thus the present geo- 



is Martin, B., Univ. Calif. Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 8, no. 7, p. 194, 

 1915. 



1* Nomland, J. O., Univ. Calif. Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 9, no. 14, p. 65, 

 1916. 



is Arnold, R., U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper, no. 47, p. 28, 1906. 



