FAMILIES AND G^ET^^EEA OF THE MADEEPOEARIA. 105 



they are lamellar and well developed, often spiny. Endotheca 

 well developed. Exotheca between and usually beyond the 

 costsD, well developed. Epitheca may or may not exist. Grem- 

 mation inframarginal, and from the area between the calicos. 



'Distribution. — Fossil. Oolitic, Cretaceous, Eocene : Europe, 

 India, Borneo. Miocene, Pliocene : Europe, Asia, West Indies. 

 — Becent. Eed Sea, Indian Ocean, Pacific, Caribbean Sea. 



Subgenus Ulaste^a, (genus) Milne-Edwards Sf Jules Haime^ 

 Ann. des Sci. Nat. 3^ ser. t. x. pi. 9. fig. 4, et t. xii. p. 116 

 (1850). 



This genus has but one species, which has all the characters of 

 Heliastrcea, and its septa and costse are exceedingly echinulate. 

 The species is Orhicella crispata, Dana,= TJlastrcea crispata, 

 Ed. & H., and these are now the synonyms of Heliastrcea crispata, 

 Dana, sp. The species is recent, and from the Indian Ocean. 



Grenus Beachtphtllia, Beuss, Denksch. der Wien. AJcad. der 

 Wiss. t. vii. p. 103 (1854) ; M.-Ed. ^ Jules Haime, Hist. 

 Nat. des Gorall. t. ii. p. 479 (1857). 



Colony massive, short, convex, or subplane, fixed by a large 

 base. Corallites large, united by their well-developed costse. 

 Calicos projecting above a common surface, which is formed of 

 much exotheca; and the costse, large, separate, shallow, circular in 

 outline. Columella well developed and spongy, or small and 

 papillary where free. Septa numerous and regularly crenulated. 

 Costse well developed, crenulated, confluent. Endotheca and exo- 

 theca well developed. Epitheca absent. Gremmation lateral and 

 subbasilar, the colony increasing at its circumference. 



Distribution. — Fossil. Cretaceous, Eocene : Europe. Miocene : 

 West Indies, Trinidad. 



Genus Ctathomoepha, Beuss, ^^Fal. Stud. Uber die alt. tertidrsch. 

 der Alpen,'' Denks. der K. Akad. der Wiss. Wien, 1869, 

 p. 243, and indefinitely, 1868, p. 14. 

 Syn. AgatJiipliyllia, Eeuss. 



Colony increasing by extracalicular budding, massive. Calices 

 circular or broadly elliptical, projecting, well separated, margins 

 rounded. Eossa large, shallow ; columellary area circular and 

 deeper than rest of fossula. Columella papillary, not projecting. 

 Septa numerous, close ; primaries and secondaries with an inner 

 and outer paliform lobe ; tertiaries with the same in a modified 



