July 13, 1895.] 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



88 



Laverack type, and until we can produce a dog of that 

 type, why try to breed otherwise? That the otherwise 

 breeding has been the ruination of English setter breed- 

 ing, and has been the cause of many an old admirer and 

 breeder as well as new one leaving the fancy." 



I have always contended that the English setter, the 

 king of field dogs, was not a member of the fancy. He 

 Bhould be judged by the man who takes him into the field. 

 The members of the fancy should keep their hands off him 

 and off the other breeds used for practical field work. 

 Let them stick to the non-sporting classes, and I will 

 promise for the sportsmen that we will not interfere with 

 them. 



A few years ago I saw a letter in an English . sporting 

 paper, from a prominent setter breeder, complaining 

 that the members of the fancy had so interfered with the 

 sportsmen's dog that the latter were driven out of shows 

 entirely. I think this must be so, to judge from the 

 weak classes of setters and pointers shown at the principal 

 shows, and also the absence of prominent breeders. 



Albert says: "Until we can breed a dog of that type 

 (the Laverack), why breed otherwise? My reply is, the 

 English setter has other work to do than to sit up like a 

 pug at a bench show and look pretty. The Laverack 

 setter has shown himself, in spite of ample opportunity 

 for the last twenty odd years, fit for little else. 



Albert's advice to breeders of the Laverack type, to keep 

 their dogs at home unless judges favorable to their type 

 are appointed, is perhaps good; and the opposite will no 

 doubt be good advice to breeders of the field type. 



I would say to breeders of the field type of English 

 setter, keep your dogs at home unless Major Taylor or one 

 of his lieutenants is on the cards. We shall then find 

 out who is who. Cinna. 



DOG CHAT. 



A writer in the Philadelphia Times thus describes Mag- 

 istrate Fulmer's dog: 



"The tall, lank form of the Magistrate is a familiar 

 figure and as he passed everybody gave him a familiar 

 greeting. But nobody paid any attention to the dog. It 

 has no friends, never has had, never will have, and does 

 not deserve any. It is a bad-tempered, measly-looking, 

 dirt colored bull-terrier that the dog catchers of the 

 ward would have gleefully asphyxiated long ago if it 

 were not for the influence of its owner. It has the look 

 of a criminal, and even the Magistrate's efforts to improve 

 its appearance by putting a real silver collar around its 

 neck does not conceal the plain fact that its ancestry was 

 bad. If it ever escapes from its master's affectionate eye 

 for ten minutes it will be murdered." 



Poor thing! 



Mr. Francis "W. Kitchel, Perth Amboy, N. J., Writes us 

 that an official dog catcher has been appointed in Perth 

 Amboy whose duty is to catch and impound all unlicensed 

 dogs running at large within the city limits. If not re- 

 deemed within five days, the dogs are to be killed. Mr. 

 Kitchel adds: "Under the circumstances you can under- 

 stand how jubilant a number of us feel that modern and 

 merciful methods will prevail in the future." 



The circular of the Muckross Kennels, Springfield, Vt., 

 is very complete and neatly gotten up. They are sent to 

 those who apply for them. 



Under date of July 5, Mr. Alex. Mackenzie-Hughes 

 writes us that the site for the dog shelter in Brooklyn has 

 not yet been determined. He adds: "I have just recov- 

 ered from a rather bad bite on both hands from a cat 

 which I was putting into the 'death box,' and when the 

 beggar realized what was going to happen to hinij he 

 went 'red hot' for me." 



Concerning foxhounds a writer in the Field (London) 

 says: "It may interest some of your readers to know that 

 black and gray hounds were imported here (Virginia, U. 

 S. A.) from England about 100 years ago, and have been 

 the favorite breed in the district ever since. They stand 

 from 20in. to 22in., straight legged and upstanding, 

 though not so stout a build as the present English fox- 

 hound; but it strikes me they have better noses, good at 

 puzzling a line on a cold scent and fast on a warm one; 

 they are probably purer bred here than in England, being 

 the established breed of the country." 



The bickering epistles, which were spiced with some- 

 thing akin to ill-temper and which followed close after the 

 ending of the Ladies' Show at Ranelagh, afforded a proof, 

 if any were needed, that dog shows are much alike in 

 their effects on human nature the world over — they de- 

 velop what tempers are good and what are otherwise. 



Mr. H. W. Lacy, who was kennel editor of Forest and 

 Stream many years, has accepted the editorship and gen- 

 eral management of the Kennel News. As is well known, 

 Mr. Lacy is one of the brightest and best informed news- 

 paper men, whose training in the special field of canine 

 matters has been long and broad. Under his skillful 

 management the Kennel News should prosper. We heartily 

 wish him success. He intends to leave to-day for his new 

 field of effort. 



From correspondents we learn that the northward 

 flight of the handlers has begun. Mr. Nat. Nesbitt left 

 on the 3d inst. for the chickenjcountry, and Mr. C. E. 

 Buckle, we are informed, starts for it on the 15th inst. 

 The secretaries of the clubs interested could help matters 

 out greatly by publishing full information as to the cor- 

 rect mode of procedure or what measures they will take 

 to aid the handlers in arranging with the customs. Mr. 

 Thomas Johnson was kind enough in this connection to 

 give valuable information in Forest and Stream of 

 May 18. 



KENNEL NOTES. 



Kennel Notes are inserted without charge; and blanks 

 (furnished free) will be sent to any address. Prepared 

 Blanks sent free on application. 



BRED. 



RochesterJfittsburgh Bull-Terrier Kennels' 

 Lady Dinah, bull-terrier bitch, May 17, to champion Streatham 

 Monarch. 



Nellie Harper, bull-terrier bitch, April 16, to Little Flyer. 



Mr. Henry Spencer's Spencer's Julia, English setter bitch, June 15, 

 to Mark ol Gladstone. 



Muckross Kennels' Olive, Irish setter bitch, May 27, to Henmore 

 Shamrock. 



Prof. Wormwood's Nellie, corded poodle bitch, June 5, to Ponce de 

 Leon. 



Mr. Jos. Smith's My Joe, cocker bitch, May 9 and 11, to champion 

 Red Roland. 



WHELPS. 



Mr. Jos. Smith's Vexation, foxhound bitch, whelped, May 21. nine 

 (.two dogs), by imported JImcrack ; one dog and five bitches dead. 



Warwick Kennels' Albert's Moll, English setter bitch, whelped June 

 15, seven (five dogs), by imported Albert's Ranger. 



Dr. H. W. Lincoln's Broomfield Madge, Manchester terrier bitch, 

 whelped, June 4, four (one dog), by Broomfield Sultan. 



Mr. G. G. Williamson's Belle of Blue Ridge, English setter bitch, 

 whelped, May 30, eight (four dogs), by champion Gath's Mark. 



Mr. Richard Merrill's 

 Canadian Lilly, English setter bitch, whelped, April 5, three (one 

 dog), by champion Paul Gladstone. 



Tube Rose, English setter bitch, whelped, June 1G, four (two dogs), 

 by champion Paul Gladstone. 



Lady Lucy, English setter bitch, whelped, June 10, seven (four 

 dogs), by champion Paul Gladstone. 



SALES. 



Mr. A. D. Fiske has sold a beagle dog pup to Mr. A. O. Darrell. 

 Dr. H. W. Lincoln has sold Ridd's Chink, fox-terrier bitch, to Mr. 

 Chas. H. Wendell. 

 Eberhart Pug Kennels have sold 



The Colonel, toy terrier dog, to Mr. John M. Ritner. 



Nellie, corded poodle bitch, to Prof. Wormwood. 



Earl of Rossmore, pug dog, to Mr. J. H. Wi'der. 

 Mr. J. M. Avent has sold 



Chevalier, English setter dog, to Mr. Geo. N. Clemson. 



Kingston, English setter dog, to same party. 

 Mr. H. E. Cook has sold his kennel of foxhounds to Messrs. G. 8. 

 White & Co., West Fork, Ark. 

 Muckross Kennels have sold 



One Irish setter dog pup to Mr. Fred G. Wiese. 



One Irish setter dog pup to Mr. Wm. Hyres. 



fitting. 



FIXTURES. 



♦Dates marked thus are unofficial. 



12. Larchmont, 1st class, special schooners, and 34 and 21ft. classes, 

 Sound. 



12. Larchmont- Atlantic combined annual cruise, rendezvous at Larch- 



mont. 



13. Larchmont to Black Rock. 



14. Black Rock to Morris Cova 



15. Morris Cove to New London. 



16. Special race, New London. 



17. New London to Shelter Island. 



13. Royal St. Lawrence cruising race to Beauharnois, Montreal, 

 13. Cor., Marblehead, first cham., Marblehead (Mass.) Bay. 



13. Hempstead Harbor annual, Sound. 



13. Squantum second cham., Squantum, Mass. 



14. San Francisco open race, San Francisco Bay. 



15. Savin Hill open. Savin Hill, Boston Harbor. 

 15 Riverside annual cruise, Sound. 



15. Rhode Island annual. 



We have confidently anticipated a series of stirring races next fall, 

 such as have never yet been seen, in the meeting of Defender and 

 Valkyrie III. If the latest news from Bristol and Glasgow is to be 

 believed, however, we and. many other yachtsmen are doomed to 

 disappointment; the Cup is already saved, and all is over but the 

 shouting. 



All reports from Bristol agree that the new defender in her 

 first trial has, Jn a light breeze, made 12 knots without effort, or the 

 same speed as Vigilant showed in the second leg of the triangular 

 race and the run home in the final race with Valkyrie H. The aver- 

 age rate of sailing in the Cup races of 1893 was about 8 knots. With 

 this speed the defender carries her lofty rig admirably, and makes 

 no perceptible wave disturbance 



The challenger, on the other hand, as described by the Glasgow 

 correspondents of the American papers, cannot carry her sail, lying 

 down and dragging her boom in the water; she turns up a bad bow 

 wave and a worse one on the quarter, and her shrouds have pulled up 

 her sides until her sheer is broken in but a few days' sailing. Under 

 these circumstances Lord Dunraven's task is indeed a hopeless one, 

 and he might better give it up now and stay at home. 



Sunday was a gala day in Bristol, the streets being full of people 

 and the water covered with yachts and boats, the occasion being the 

 first trial of the new defender. The work of rigging had been hindered 

 by the rain throughout the week, and Saturday morning was so rainy 

 that no attempt was made to bend sails. Capt. Haff and his crew, 

 however, were scrupulous about taking the first sail on Sunday, so 

 when the sun came out in the afternoon the big mainsail was sent 

 aboard and bent, and the yacht taken in tow by the Hattie Palmer. 

 When the tug started she parted her towline, Defender being aground, 

 but after a second line parted the mainsail was partly hoisted, heeling 

 the yacht so that she cleared the ground. She sailed about for some 

 time in a light breeze, handling very well. 



The real trial was made next day, in fair weather and smooth water 

 with a moderate breeze. On board of Defender were Mr. Herreshoff , 

 Mr. and Mrs. Iselin, Messrs. Vanderbilt, Morgan and Duncan, Capt. 

 Haff being in command; while Colonia, manned in part by the crew of 

 Wasp, was in charge of young Capt. Harry Haff. The two yachts 

 sailed in company, but without formal starting and timing, Defender 

 easily beating Colonia on the wind and free in all the varying strengths 

 of the wind. With the two were a number of steam yachts, all doing 

 the regulation "twelve knots," and Defender ran away from them 

 easily. The various reports agree that she carried her sail admirably, 

 having all lower sail and jibtopaau, and it is reported that Messrs. 

 Iselin and Herreshoff have already decided to increase her sail plan. 

 The reports also agree that she made no material wave disturbance, 

 even when running at twelve knots, a showing that her designer may 

 well be proud of. 



The sails are all of the new Herreshoff cut, the working topsail 

 being too large, but the others sitting well. The yacht will not be 

 under sail again before the last of this week, much work on deck and 

 below being uncompleted. The special race off Sandy Hook, set for 

 July 10, has of course been postponed, the new date being not yet de- 

 cided on, but it will not be earlier than July 16, and possibly about 

 July 21. 



That the Cup defender was finally floated without serious damage 

 by the heroic process of yanking the cradle from under her was a 

 matter of sheer good luck, and in no way is it due to care or skill on 

 the part of her builders. One may admire the boldness and audacity 

 with which this magnificent and costly piece of property was pulled 

 and hauled about for three days, at the risk of tumbling the whole 

 structure into the mud, but it can hardly be commended as a prece- 

 dent in engineering. Many reasons are given for the sticking of the 

 yacht; the ways were not parallel, but converged slightly, thus jam- 

 ming the sliding ways; the ways could not be properly greased, being 

 so far under water; the ways settled under the weight and the bolts 

 projected, catching the sole of the sliding ways. All of these reasons 

 may be correct, but the one obvious cause of the trouble was the very 

 small base of the sliding ways. The launching weight, probably 130 

 tons, was supported on a base said to be but 20ft. long, and certainly 



not very much longer. The ground ways, on which the yacht and 

 sliding ways slid, were new and of unusual length, extending far 

 under water. The work of building them was necessarily done by a 

 diver; piles were driven and sawed off below water at the height 

 necessary to give the required grade to the ways, %ra. to the foot; 

 transverse caps were laid on these piles and on top of them the 

 ground ways, of heavy yellow pine. It is quite possible that this 

 work may not have been done perfectly, but, whatever the trouble 

 may have been, it would probably have been avoided had the yacht 

 been cradled in the usual manner, distributing the weight over a suffi- 

 ciently long base, thus lessening the friction and the danger arising 

 from improper lubrication, and also lessening the danger of a part of 

 the ways settling under the great weight. The form of the yacht 

 made her a difficult craft to cradle properly, but for this very reason 

 she should have been specially secured against the danger of capsiz- 

 ing on the ways. It is probable that the ne$t large cutter built at 

 Bristol will be launched in a different manner. 



After seeing Defender on Saturday we made a point, but four days 

 later, and while the form of the new boat was freshly in mind, to look 

 up Vigilant, by chance on the dock at the time! in order to compare 

 her with her younger sister. In thus comparing the two, it is difficult 

 to believe that one man designed them both and for precisely the same 

 purpose, only two years apart, and it is equally difficult to consider 

 Defender as other than the'plainast possible admission on the part of 

 her designer that Vigilant was radically wrong. The differences be- 

 tween the two models are in no way those arising from a regular 

 course of evolution, or from the higher development, even to an ex- 

 treme point, of the same ideas or principles; but they are eo radical 

 as to amount to a complete condemnation of all the distinctive char- 

 acteristics of a yacht that has been generally considered one of the 

 masterpieces of modern naval architecture. 



That Vigilant was very far from a perfect craft, and that her de- 

 signer would never build another large yacht like her, has been our 

 opinion since the last Cup races in 1893, frequently expressed in print; 

 but still we were completely taken by surprise by the developments of 

 this year, as finally disclosed in the launching of Defender ; nor are we 

 yet able to follow the reasoning which has produced such a different 

 type of craft. 



The faults of Vigilant, as we saw them in 1893, were mainly the 

 carrying out of the distinctive Herreshoff features to too great an 

 extreme, the long straight keel, the very moderate rake of post, and 

 in particular the great beam and flaring side, and the excessive full- 

 ness of the waterlines and framelines, especially forward. There was, 

 it is true, a certain justification for the extreme beam at the deck in 

 the use of the "ballast crew," and this no longer exists; but beyond 

 this the model was forced in every way to gain power at the expense 

 of form. To our eye, Colonia, in dimensions and the form of her hull, 

 represented a much, happier medium— a fine, wholesome, powerful 

 craft, and yet with a pleasing form. The weighted centerboard of 

 Vigilant was of doubtful benefit, any small gain derived from it as 

 ballast at times being offset by the liability to derangement of gear or 

 total loss of the board at a critical moment, as finally happened. The 

 fault of the sail plan is generally known, the abnormally advanced 

 position of the center of effort, giving a dangerous weather helm, 

 detrimental at all times to the speed of the yacht. 



Ever since the last Vigilant- Valkyrie race ia 1893, it has been a mat- 

 ter of speculation with us as to what the next large Herreshoff boat 

 would be like; and with the prospects of a new challenge last winter 

 the subject became still more interesting. Looking at the leading 

 Herreshoff boats— Navahoe, Colonia, Vigilant, Wasp and Gloriana— 

 we had quite confidently selected Colonia as the one on which he 

 would rely, above all others, for the basis of the new model. In her he 

 had a boat of excellent proportions, possessing the power which long 

 experience has shown to be essential to success in the Cup contests, 

 of excellent form and fast through the water; possessing one defect 

 that was perfectly well known and quite easy to remedy. The addi- 

 tion of a deeper and shorter keel and the raking of her sternpost 

 would add to her power, increase her speed in maneuvering, and make 

 her quite as weatherly as the smaller Herreshoff keel boats— that is, 

 the equal of any centerboard boat. 



The remark has been frequently made of late that Defender is an 

 improved Colonia, but we fail to see that this is at all the case; on the 

 contrary, the new boat is of another type, lacking all the character- 

 istics of the earlier Herreshoff boats, and denoting an entire change 

 in his methods. An improved Colonia of 90ft. waterline would show a 

 beam of nearly 25ft., with a strong bilge and powerful section carried 

 down into a very deep keel, the full waterline and general model 

 being retained,- though perhaps faired up. The new boat is in beam and 

 draft more of an enlarged Valkyrie H. than Colonia, with even an 

 easier section and lighter bilge than Valkyrie II., about the same 

 proportionate beam, and a long and fine bow for a modern boat. Her 

 sail plan too is more like Valkyrie II. than like Vigilant and Colonia— a 

 large mainsail and comparatively small headsails, with mast well for- 

 ward. 



How she will carry her sail will soon be known by actual trial, but 

 it is certain that the model is lacking in that beam and bilge which 

 gave the power heretofore deemed necessary to defend the America's 

 Cup. In general racing there are times when extreme power costs 

 more than it is worth and when form pays; but the long experience 

 in;Cup racing has shown the necessity for a yacht of high power, and 

 each year has seen an increase of sail spread, from some 7,000 square 

 feet in 1885 to 12,000 in 1895. This year, for the first time, the increase 

 of power in the defender has apparently stopped, and at the very 

 time when the challenger has built a yacht of abnormally high 

 power. 



We are yet in the dark as to the exact sail area of Defender, and 

 more particularly as to how she will carry it; but it does not seem 

 possible from her model that she can stand up under a larger rig than 

 Vigilant. The nature of the sail carrying power derived from low 

 weight Instead of beam and bilge is better understood now than it was 

 a few years since; and the fact is generally appreciated that in 

 American waters a yacht must stand on her feet to sail fast. If the 

 new boat does this under a big rig by mere virtue of low lead, with a 

 cleanly swept section of narrow beam, it will be a new revelation to 

 yachtsmen. If Bhe does not stand up, it is hardly likely that she will 

 win from other yachts, like Vigilant and Valkyrie III., which do; save 

 in such exceptional weather as has never yet been met with in a Cup 

 race in twenty years except in the last Puritan-Genesta race. 



The coming races are important in that the keel boat is on trial in a 

 peculiar way, and if defeated it will be universally attributed to the fact 

 that she has not a centerboard. Under the circumstances such a conclu 

 sion can only be unfair and misleading when it is considered that the 

 distinctively American features of beam and a marked bilge are 

 entirely lacking. It would certainly seem that, in summing up the 

 faults of Vigilant and Colonia preparatory to designing a new boat 

 Mr. Herreshoff had quite overlooked the strong points of each, those 

 which give power, and which might have easily been retained in a 

 model of easier and better form and improved lateral plane. What he 

 has done, apparently, is to sacrifice all other considerations to easy 

 form, low weight and reduced wetted surface. 



So far as we can learn, Mr. Herreshoff sailed in none of Vigilant's 

 races abroad in hard weather, but only in the light weather races on 

 the Clyde, which brings his experience of Vigilant in rough water 

 down to the one final race for the Cup. In this race, as we have fre- 



