Aug. 3, 1895.] 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



103 



Defender. 



Early on the morning of July 25 Defender left her moorings off New 

 Rochelle in tow of the tug Atwood and accompanied by the Hattie 

 Palmer and started for South Brooklyn, arriving at. the Erie Basin at 

 8 o'clock, going into the east dock, where Valkyrie II. was docked in 

 1893. By 11:30 the dock had been pumped dry and the yacht was 

 freely exposed to view. No attempts were made to bar visitors from 

 the yard even though armed with cameras, and for the rest of the 

 day the walls of the dock were lined with artists and photographers, 

 both amateur and professional. Among the latter, 0. E, Bolles, of 

 Brooklyn, obtained a number of excellent views. A far better oppor- 

 tunity was offered for a careful inspection of the yacht than at the 

 launching, as she stood up on the keelblocks, with only the spur 

 shores from the sides of the dock and a shore under the stem and 

 counter, and it was possible to view her from all directions, though at 

 rather short range on the broadside. While exact measurement was 

 impossible, it is plainly apparent that in all of the "exclusive" stories 



When docked, the seams in places showed signs of rust, and a caulker 

 was set to work on them. The plating is smooth and the hull fair, 

 both in the model as a whole and in the construction. Most of the 

 sketches and designs previously published are wrong in showing the 

 rudder as stopping at the top of the keel, it runs down until it forms 

 a fair sweep with the keel line. 



There is not the slightest suggestion of Colonia, Vigilant or Wasp 

 i n the sheer plan, but rather of Valkyrie II. ; at least up to the fore 

 end of the waterline. The stem above water is not particularly hand- 

 some, the upper part ending in an almost straight line just under the 

 bowsprit that is unfair and ugly, almost a counterpart of the stem- 

 head of the Hattie Palmer. It may be that a fitting sense of gratitude 

 for the services of Vigilant's faithful "Mascot" has impelled Mr. 

 Herreshoff to pay her such a compliment, but a fair sweep of the 

 batten from waterline to stemhead would have greatly improved the 

 appearance of Defender's bow, without in any way detracting from its 

 good qualities. Now that it is completed, the stern shows up very 

 much better than at the launching, and though the transom is rather 



The runs will be made in cruising trim.— Anchors on the'bow and at 

 least one cable bent; cruising complement of boats carried (launches 

 optional); cruising deck, cabin and galley fittings and fixtures in 

 place; topsails extending above the truck and beyond the end of the 

 gaff barred. Water can be taken into the tanks up to 8 A. M. 



In each clsss there will be a prize for first if two or more start, and 

 a prize for second if four or more start. Yachts alone in their classes 

 will be grouped as directed in Rule IV., Section 4. 



After the commodore has ordered the squadron under way the com- 

 mittee will establish the start lines, which, like the finish lines, will be 

 between the Sylvia and the points indicated in courses. 



STARTING SIGNALS. 



No. 1. Preparatory. — A gun will be fired and the blue peter hoisted. 



No. 2. Start for single-masted vessels and yawls— Ten minutes later 

 a second gun will be fired, the blue peter lowered and a red ball 

 hoisted. 



No. 3. Start for schooners (handicap time for single-masted vessels, 

 etc.).— Five minutes later a third gun will be fired and a second red 

 ball hoisted. 



No. 4. Start for first class sloops (handicap time for schooners).— 

 Five minutes later a fourth gun will be flred and a red ball will drop. 



No. 5. Handicap time for first class sloops.— Two minutes later a 

 fifth gun will be flred and the other red ball will drop. 



The fleet captain will present a prize to the schooner winning the 

 largest number of runs. The secretary will present a similar prize to 

 the single-masted vessel winning the largest number of runs. The 

 rear-commodore will present a prize to the vessel which crosses the 

 finish line first the greatest number of times, irrespective of rig, size 

 or time allowance. 



For the fourteenth year, Mr. Ogden Goelet has offered two cups 

 which will be sailed for at Newport on Aug. 2. 



For schooners, a SI, 000 cup; far single-masted vessels and yawls, a 

 $500 cup. Open to yachts belonging to the club that have not hauled 

 out to clean since the commencement of the cruise. Mr. Goelet re- 

 serves the'privilege of inviting foreign yachts that may be in Ameri- 

 can waters to enter the race. 



Start— 10:30 A. M„ off Brenton's Reef Lightship. Entries will be 

 received at the club house, New York, up to 10 P. M. July 28, and on 

 board the Sylvia to 8 A. M., Aug. 2. Sailing directions can be obtained 

 on board the Sylvia and at station No. 6, Newport, R. I. 



For the Goelet cups the steamer Gay Head of the New Bedford, 

 Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket Steamboat Company, will leave 

 the foot of Long Wharf at ten o'clock A. M. Members can obtain 

 tickets from the superintendent. No. 67 Madison avenue, or Captain 

 F. D. Sands, N. Y. Y. C, station No. 6, Newport. 



On the day following the return of the squadron to Newport, cups 

 offered by Captain J R. Drexel, N. Y. Y. C, will be sailed for. 



$200 cup for class 1 of schooners. 



$200 cup for class 2 of schooners. 



$200 cup for classes 3 and 4 of schooners. 



$200 cup for class 5 of schooners. 



$200 cup for class 1 of single-masted vessels and yawls. 



$200 cup for class 2 of single-masted vessels and yawls. 



$200 cup for classes 3, 4 and 5 of single-masted vessels and yawls. 



$200 cup for class 6 of single-masted vessels and yawls. 



Open to yachts belonging to the club, in cruising trim, and which 

 have not hauled out to clean since the commencement of the cruise. 

 Sailing directions will be issued at Newport. 



A committee of Newport citizens is now at work on arrangements 

 for a fete and illumination on one of the nights on which the fleet is 

 at Newport. 



The programme for the supplementary races is as follows: 

 Open to yachts of any regular organized club. 



The racing to be in charge of the Regatta Committee of the New 

 York Yacht Club. 



First day— Schooners in racing trim. 



Second day— Sloops, cutters and yawls in racing trim. 



Third day — Schooners in racing trim. 

 " Fourth day— Sloops, cutters and yawls in racing trim. 



Any class may sail in cruising trim by unanimous consent. 



SCHOONERS. 



First Class, over 80ft. racing length— First prize; $300; second, $120. 

 Second Class, over 70ft. and under 80ft.— First prize, $250; second, 

 $100. 



Third Class, under 70ft.— First prize, $200; second, $S0. 



SLOOPS. 



First Class, over 80ft. racing length— First prize, $400; second, $160. 

 Second Class, over 60ft. and under 80ft.— First prize, $200; second, 

 $80. 



Third Class, over 50ft. and under 60ft.— First prize, $150: second, 

 $60. 



Fourth Class, over 43ft. and under 50ft.— First prize, $100; second, 

 $40. 



Fifth Class, under 43ft.— First prize, $50; second, $20. 

 No second prize will be given in any class unless four or more 

 start. 



Yachts in Class 5 must be up to the requirements for representation 

 in the New York Y. C. 



The course will be an equilateral triangle formed by Brenton's Reef 

 Lightship, Point Judith whistling buoy and an offshore mark (red and 

 white flag or buoy) placed by the committee. 



Compass bearings of marks, starting signals, etc., can be obtained 

 from the committee the day previous to the races. 



All classes of schooners and Classes 1 and 2 of sloops, etc., sail twice 

 over the course, except by order of the committee. . 



Classes 3, 4 and 5 of sloops, etc., once over. 



The same course will be used for each day's racing, except that the 

 committee will start the yachts so as to make one leg as much as pos- 

 sible to windward. 



The committee have power, if they consider it advisable, to stop any 

 race at the end of the first round and award prizes. 



The start will be from Brenton's Reef Lightship. 



The racing rules and time allowance of the New York Y. C. will 

 govern. 



Entries can be addressed to the Regatta Committee, New York Y. 

 O, Newport, R. I., and must be made by 6 o'clock on the day prior to 

 the races. 



On Monday morning a very large fleet of yachts was present off 

 Glen Cove, most of them under way in a light westerly breeze. A 

 meeting of captains was held aboard the Sylvia, at which the general 

 programme of the cruise, as already published, was agreed to, 



The race for the commodore's cups, including a third cup for De- 

 fender and Vigilant, to be sailed for without time allowance, was 

 started at 1:45. The course was 21 miles, ending off Eaton's Point. 

 The wind was S.W., light to moderate, and aa exciting race resulted, 

 the times being: 



CUTTERS— 90pr. CLASS. 



Start. Finish. Elapsed. Corrected. 



Defender 1 47 24 4 42 56 2 55 32 



Vigilant 1 47 22 4 44 43 2 57 21 



CUTTERS — UNDER 90FT. 



Wasp 1 47 56 5 16 06 8 28 10 3 21 07 



Queen Mab 1 46 34 5 11 26 3 24 52 3 23 35 



Mineola 1 49 36 5 25 59 8 36 23 3 28 43 



HUdegarde 1 50 00 5 25 24 3 35 54 3 35 54 



Ventura 1 48 13 5 32 43 3 44 30 



Awa 1 47 55 Disabled. 



Harriet 1 47 57 Not timed. 



SCHOONERS. 



Amorita 1 52 04 5 00 43 3 08 39 3 01 04 



Emerald 1 53 03 4 57 25 3 04 22 3 03 02 



Elsemarie 1 53 29 5 12 12 3 18 43 3 11 31 



Lasca 1 50 48 5 02 36 3 11 48 3 11 48 



Marguerite 1 55 00 5 13 00 3 18 06 3 14 25 



Loyal 1 55 00 5 25 04 3 30 04 3 16 53 



Neaera 1 55 00 5 28 33 3 33 33 3 16 59 



Iroquois 1 53 24 5 14 42 3 21 18 3 17 04 



Defender wins, but would barely have saved her time over Vigilant. 

 On Tuesday the fleet sailed for New London. Volunteer and Jubilee 

 will both joint at Newport. 



Spruce IV. 



Mr. J. A. Brand's new half -rater, Spruce IV., has sailed four or five 

 races in England with very good success; we note that her l.w.l., as 

 officially measured, is 15.7Sft, which gives a sail area under the Y. R. 

 A. rule of 189sq. ft. Under the Seawanhaka rule this will give her 

 about 200sq. ft. of sail for the American races. There are likely to be 

 at least seven or eight boats in the trial races which will be held by 

 the Seawanhaka C. Y. C. at Oyster Bay at the end of August, and the 

 contest promises to be very interesting. Mr. T. C. Zerega has made a 

 most acceptable gift to the club in connection with these races in a 

 very appropriate and graceful manner, as in the following letter: 



Oliver E Cromwell, Chairman Rice Committee, Seawanhaka-Cor- 

 inthian Y. C. 



"Had Commodore Center been with us tils season, we may be sur 

 that he would have offered a prize to the competing helmsmen in our 

 coming races of 15-footers, preparatory to the international contest. 

 In memory of him, therefore, I beg to offer, through the committee, 

 'the Center Helmsman's Prize,' to be awarded to the amateur helms- 

 man who in their judgment handles his boat in the most seamanlike 

 manner from the preparatory signal of the first to the finish of the 

 last trial race." "Theodore C. Zerega." 



The question of the size of spinaker has been settled by ian agree- 

 ment with Mr. Brand that the limit be forty per cent, of the measured 

 sail area. 



DEFENDER— Approximate Sheer Plan. 



published this spring the yacht has been underestimated, and that she 

 is a much larger and more powerful craft that the published details 

 indicate. 



Her beam is to all appearances not over 23ft., at least not more than 

 an inch or so. Her draft, however, is very much more than IS or even 

 19ft., certainly 19ft. 6in. as she is now trimmed. The report is current 

 that her load line is now not over 89ft., but if trimmed to the exact 

 limit of 90ft, she would draw just about 20ft., possibly a couple of 

 inches under. The accompanying sketches were made by eye, the 

 result of a number from various points of view, and while by no 

 means adequate as the basis for exact calculations of the centers, 

 they show very closely the sheer plan and midship section. The area 



DEFENDER— APPROXIMATE SECTION. 



of midship section cannot be less than 120sq. ft., and it requires no 

 very elaborate calculations to show that on a length of 89 to 90ft. this 

 area would give a displacement of at least 160 long tons, a figure 

 greatly in excess of previous estimates. As Valkyrie n. proved, in a 

 form of this kind it is possible to stow away a very large amount of 

 displacement without giving to the eye the impression of a very full 

 model; and in this case Mr. Herreshoff has probably taken all of 160 

 tons. 



In the way of ratio of ballast to displacement something positively 

 startling has been anticipated, in view of the use of aluminum. A 

 modern steel schooner of 80 to 90ft. l.w.l., of compact form and well 

 built, will carry from 40$ to 45$ of her displacement in lead; if the 



COMPARISON OF DEFENDER AND VALKYRIE III. 



new yacht attains a percentage of 55, she is doing something extraor- 

 dinary; in round numbers we should place her weights as follows: 

 Displacement, 160 long tons; ballast, 87 to 90 tons; hull, rig and equip- 

 ment, 70 tons. 



The lead keel is carefully sheathed with manganese bronze plates 

 fastened with brass screws, but its shape is clearly indicated by a 

 double line of rivets, indicating the flange of the brass keel plate. 

 The sheathing of the keel is about J4in. on the bottom and Jgin. on the 

 sides, the garboard strake is about %ia. It is so placed as to lap some 

 18in. over the lead keel, to which it is fastened by tap bolts about 6in. 

 apart, a very large number being used. It is fastened to the keel 

 plate by the double rows of rivets mentioned, then runs up a couple 

 of feet along the frames and floors, serving to hold the lead to the 

 hull. 



The hull is in-and-out plated, nine strakes to a side, the seven lower 

 ones being of manganese bronze and the two upper ones of aluminum. 



flat, the whole effect of the counter is good. The sheer is very moder- 

 ate and cleanly swept, in fact the yacht, both above and below water, 

 will compare most favorably with the older Herreshoff craft. The 

 waterhne is of course full and convex, but by no means to the ex- 

 treme of Vigilant, and the bow is much longer and finer. The impres- 

 sion as seen from the coping, up above the deck, is the same 

 given by Valkyrie II. in the same position, there seems to be a long 

 thin horn that will hardly support its own weight ; but seen from 

 below the whole bow is full and powerful, though wilhout the barrel 

 shape of Vigilant. 



So far as we now know, the third Valkyrie is about 26ft. beam, and, 

 as her photos show, has a fuller bilge than Defender and a strong 

 flare to the side: that of Defender, as nearly as it can be estimated by 

 the eye, being about 8in., or say 16in. less beam at the waterline than 

 at the deck. It is hardly probable that Valkyrie IH. is as much hol- 

 lowed in the floors as Defender, but she probably draws nearer 20ft. 

 than 19 and has about the same breadth of keel. Her lead is given in 

 recent reports as 87 long tons, which is probably very near the true 

 figure. The ratio of ballast to displacement should be something 

 under 50 per cent., and her total displacement may be as high as 180 

 tons. The accompanying outline shows her probable section in com- 

 parison with that of Defender. With two such sections as these, he 

 would be a bold man who would predict certain success for the Amer- 

 ican (the narrower) and failure for the British (the wider). 



The best grounds for hope in success of the American yacht is not 

 in any great and known superiority in dimensions, model, construc- 

 tion or actual performance up to date over her rival; but in the fact 

 that one boat is in her home waters and the other 8,000 miles away; 

 and that Defender is in the hands of men who cannot afford to be 

 beaten. 



While in the dock the bottom of the yacht was thoroughly polished 

 with "steel wool," a new material, composed of very fine threads of 

 steel She was floated early on Friday morning, returning to New 

 Rochelle, while Vigilant took her place in the dock on a new set of 

 keel blocks arranged at the head of the dock, she also being polished 

 off, floating on Saturday morning. 



Defender is out every day on the Sound trying new spars and sails, 

 Piepgrass having made a number of spars, while the Herreshoffs are 

 making others. The new Wilson & Silsby mainsail was bent and 

 tried on Saturday, but was immediately taken off, It was not satis- 

 factory and will be recut. 



Capt. Haff has been in very good health in spite of some sensational 

 reports, but on Thursday, after seeing the yacht safely docked, he 

 left her in charge of Capt. Terry and went to his home at Islip, going 

 next day with Mrs. Haff to Rome, where his throat was examined by 

 the doctor who had operated on it, and pronounced it in a very satis- 

 factory condition; the captain returning home and re-joining the 

 yacht on Sunday. 



The New York Y. C. Cruise, 1895. 



The annual cruise of the New York Y. C. began on Monday of this 

 week and is now well underway, to continue, with the incidental races 

 off Newport, for about two weeks. The official programmes are as 

 follows: 



The cruise will begin with a rendezvous off Glen Cove, Hempstead 

 Harbor, on Monday, July 29. A meeting of captains will be held 

 aboard the flagship Sylvia, after which a race will be started for 

 prizes offered by Com. Brown; a cup for schooners and a cup for 

 single-masted vessels and yawls. 



This event will be open to yachts belonging to the club, in cruising 

 trim. It will not be restricted to yachts intending to make the cruise. 

 Preparatory signal, 1 o'clock P. M. 



Starting signals. No. 1, preparatory.— A gun will be flred and the 

 blue peter hoisted. 



No. 2. Start for single-masted vessels and yawls.— Ten minutes 

 later a second gun will be flred, the blue peter lowered and a red ball 

 hoisted. 



No. 3. Start for schooners (handicap time for single-masted vessels 

 and yawls).— Five minutes later a third gun will be flred and a second 

 red ball hoisted. 



No. 4. Handicap time for schooners.— Five minutes later a fourth 

 gun will be flred and both balls will drop. 



Courses: Course 1. — Letter C. Start over a line between the com- 

 mittee boat and Matinicock Point buoy, around a mark ten miles east- 

 northeast from the point of starting (leaving it to port) ; thence five 

 miles west, around mark (leaving it to port), and finish over a line 

 between the committee boat and a stakeboat one mile west from 

 Eaton's Point Light; twenty-one miles. 



Course 2.— Letter D. Start over a line between the committee boat 

 and Matinicock Point buoy, around a mark one mile north of Lloyd's 

 Point buoy (leaving it to port); around a mark one and three-quarter 

 miles east by south from Great Captain's Island Light (leaving it to 

 port), and finish over a line between the committee boat and a stake- 

 boat one mile west from Eaton's Point Light; twenty-one miles. 



Course 8.— Letter F. Start over a line between the committee boat 

 and Matinicock Point buoy, around a mark one mile south by west 

 from bell buoy on Green's Ledge, Norwalk Islands (leaving it to port) ; 

 return five miles over the same course, around a mark (leaving it to 

 port), and finish over a line between the committee boat and a stake- 

 boat one mile west from Eaton's Point Light; twenty-one miles. 



The marks will be floats displaying a red flag with white stripes. 



A tug, which will be at the service of those wishing to join the 

 squadron on the morning of July 29, will leave station No. 2, foot of 

 East Twenty-sixth street, at half-past nine o'clock on that day. 

 Courses in greater detail, with compass bearings, can be obtained on 

 board the Sylvia. 



After the finish the squadron will anchor over night in Huntington 

 Bay, starting early Tuesday morning for New London, 63 miles. In 

 the event of bad weather the squadron will lie over Tuesday night at 

 Morris Cove, sailing to New London on Wednesday. If New London 

 is reached on Tuesday the run of Wednesday will be to Newport, 

 where the fleet will lie at anchor on Thursday, sailing for the Goelet 

 Cups on Friday, Aug. 2. On Saturday the cruise will continue to 

 Vineyard Haven, where the fleet will lie over Sunday, returning to 

 Newport on Monday. 



The distances for the races are: Glen Cove to Morris Cove. — From 

 Matinicock Point Buoy to a stakeboat displaying large club signal, 

 one-half mile south from Luddington Rock; 37 miles. 



Glen Cove to New London.— From Matinicock Point Buoy to New 

 London Light, leaving Bartlett's Reef L. S. on Port hand; 74 miles. 



Morris Ocve to New London.— From stakeboat off breakwater to 

 New London Light, leaving Bartlett's Reef L. S. on port hand; 40 

 miles. 



New London to Newport. — From Sarah's Ledge Buoy to the Dump- 

 lings, leaving Race Rock on port hand; 40 miles. 



Newport to Vineyard Haven.— From Brenton's Reef L. S. to West 

 Chop Buoy (red No. 2), leaving Vineyard Sound L S. on port hand; 37 

 miles. 



Vineyard Haven to Newport.— From West Chop Buoy to Brenton's 

 Reef L. S., leaving Vineyard Sound Lightship on starboard hand; 37 

 miles. 



By invitation of the commodore, the regatta committee will make 

 the cruise on the Sylvia. Yachts entered for any racing event will 

 display their numbers and private signals as directed in Rule 9, Sec- 

 tion 3. They will show no other colors. Club rules will govern all 

 races unless otherwise directed. 



Crossing the line will be considered as an entry unless otherwise 

 directed. The course will be signaled before the preparatory signal i8 

 made. Should a signal gun miss fire a prolonged blast of the whistle 

 will be given. Numbers and extra copies^of this circular can be ob- 

 tained at the club house and on the Sylvia. 



