54 



Mr. G. F. Dowdeswell. 



gestion of the veins is generally very apparent on the exterior or 

 serous surface, being most marked towards the cardia, and on their 

 ramifications are apparent haemorrhages or ecchymoses of very 

 variable size and number, from the most minute up to usually 2, 4, 

 or 6 mm. in width or more. When very minute they are more easily 

 distinguished on the interior or mucous coat where they appear as 

 black specks or spots prominent upon the surface, generally on the 

 summits of the rugae : they are in fact small clots. They have been 

 described by previous writers,* and are figured by Fleming in a coloured 

 drawing of a stomach with a portion of the mucous membrane ex- 

 posed ; I have, however, usually found them more distinct and clearly 

 defined than those there shown, not having observed the mucous 

 membrane as highly coloured as in his drawing, the contrast conse- 

 quently being greater. They are, too, correctly described by Youatt 

 (' The Dog,' p. 143) as " effusions of bloody matter, or spots of ecehy- 

 mosis on the summits of the rugae," and regarded by him as very 

 pathognomonic. 



I have found these present in nearly all the dogs I have examined 

 in which the disease has run its course ; in those that are killed during 

 its progress they are necessarily less developed. 



Their appearance is very diagnostic ; they occur in some few other 

 cases,f but then only, I believe, of small size ; when large or well 

 defined, as above described, in conjunction with the presence of foreign 

 bodies, cinders, wood, cloth, &c, in the stomach, no doubt of the 

 nature of the case can exist. 



The presence of hay alone, though suspicious, is not of itself con- 

 clusive, for in the " Brown Institution " it has lately been found in dogs 

 not rabid and apparently healthy, in some cases entirely filling the 

 stomach ; this may be accounted for by the inability of these dogs in 

 confinement to get grass, which when at large they constantly eat. I 

 may add that the pylorus is invariably hyperaemic, sometimes intensely 

 so ; this is best observed in the serous coats. 



The appearance of the liver is variable, usually it is very dark and 

 congested ; the spleen I have found normal in all cases except one, 

 when it was somewhat enlarged, but unchanged in other respects. 



The salivary glands have hitherto been regarded as the seat of the 

 virus, and received much attention, but they do not present any con- 

 stant pathognomonic appearances ; in one case I found the sub- 

 maxillary gland somewhat hypertrophied and vascular, with the 



* They have heen described by some as " hemorrhagic erosions the term is not 

 appropriate, though " erosions " may apply to the appearances of post-mortem 

 digestion, which are sometimes observed, but not constantly. 



f Yiz., in swine fever (Dr. Klein), in some cases of experimental tuberculosis, and 

 in anthrax in rabbits caused by " capillary embolism by masses of bacteria," as 

 recorded by M. Feltz (' Comptes Rendus,' vol. 95, 1882, p. 859). 



