236 On the Julianiacece, a New Natural Order of Plants. 



and flowers of different species of Quercus than there is between those of 

 Juliania and those species of Quercus which have a flaccid male inflorescence 

 and stamens alternating with the segments of the perianth. 



The female inflorescence and the male flowers of Juliania are not repre- 

 sented by exact counterparts in the Cupuliferae, but the analogies are perhaps 

 greater than with any other order. Several female flowers in a closed 

 involucre is a characteristic of Juliania, of Fagus, Castanea, and Castanopsis. 

 In all three of the genera of the Cupuliferse named, the involucre dehisces 

 regularly or irregularly, and the nuts fall out. In Juliania the involucre is 

 indehiscent, and the flattened nuts are adnate by their edges to the inner 

 wall of the involucre, and they have a very hard, relatively thick, sclerenchy- 

 matous pericarp. 



Going back to the flowers, the male of Juliania has a perianth ; the female 

 none. In Corylus the conditions are reversed ; in Betula, neither sex has an 

 obvious perianth ; in Quercus, the flowers of both sexes are furnished with 

 a perianth. 



All of the Cupuliferae have an ovary which is more than one-celled, and 

 usually there are three cells, and mostly more than one ovule in each cell, 

 though each nut is usually only one-seeded. The ovary of Juliania and of 

 Orthopterygium invariably contains only one ovule. The flowers and nuts 

 of Castanea are collateral, as in Juliania. The seeds of both orders are 

 exalbuminous, and the cotyledons are epigaeous in germination. 



"Weighing the characters in which there is agreement or similarity between 

 the Julianiaceae and the Anacardiaceae, and those in which there is agreement 

 or similarity between the Julianiaceae and the Cupuliferse, the latter in my 

 estimation preponderate ; and I cannot suggest a more natural position for 

 the Julianiaceae, in a linear arrangement, than between the Juglandaceae and 

 the Cupuliferai. 



