458 



Drs. Herring and Simpson. Relation of the [May 31, 



After fixation with alcohol, sections of the liver showed a great deal of 

 staining with Prussian blue ; the blood-vessels were imperfectly injected ; 

 some contained the first injection, some nothing but carmine mass ; but 

 in most the two were mixed. The first injection tends to adhere to the walls 

 of the blood-vessels, and is taken up by Kupffer's cells; this also occurs 

 frequently in poor injections where blood and injection mass mingle, and it 

 is the walls of the vessels which are chiefly coloured by the pigment. The 

 liver cells in the above experiment contained Prussian blue mass in some 

 situations, and carmine gelatine in others. We tried two different injection 

 masses in several other animals, but the results were unsatisfactory, partly 

 on account of the manner in which the first injection mass clings to the walls 

 of the vessels, and partly because the Prussian blue (which we used for 

 a colour contrast) is diffusible. 



In several experiments, after injection of carmine gelatine, we washed out 

 the vessels with a large quantity of salt solution. Sections of such livers 

 showed the vessels for the most part free from colour, but the liver cells 

 containing carmine gelatine, which was also present in Kupffer's cells. 



Previous Observations. 



That it is possible to inject liver cells from the portal vein was shown by 

 Asp (3) in 1873. Asp employed a solution of alcannin in turpentine oil, and 

 injected the portal vein with a pressure not exceeding 30 mm. Hg. The 

 alcannin finds its way into the liver cells, which present appearances similar 

 to those produced in them by injecting the bile ducts. Asp specially noted 

 that though the alcannin penetrates into the liver cell, both from bile ducts 

 and capillaries, it does not pass through the liver cell, so that capillaries 

 cannot be injected from the bile ducts, nor bile ducts from the capillaries. 

 No particular notice appears to have been taken of this discovery, nor, 

 apparently, did Asp himself attach importance to it. 



It was noticed by Hiittenbrenner (31), and later by Rutimeyer (54), that 

 cinnabar particles, when introduced into the circulating blood by the jugular 

 vein, are soon found in the liver cells (among other places). Rutimeyer 

 found them in the cells of the peripheral parts of the lobules an hour after 

 injection in the dog, and more uniformly distributed if a longer time had 

 elapsed between the injection and death. The same is true of the fat 

 globules after intravenous injection of milk. 



In 1895 J. W. and E. Hewat Praser(20) drew attention to the presence of 

 inter- and intra-cellular passages in the liver of the frog. They used both 

 Hoyer's lead chromate gelatine and Carter's carmine gelatine, and injected 

 from the bulbus aortse at a pressure of from 1 to 4 inches of mercury. 



