460 Drs. Herring and Simpson. Relation of the [May 31, 



He described the injection as having the same intensity of colour within the 

 cells as in the blood-vessels, and hence inferred that it had not passed into 

 the cells by way of lymph spaces, or it would have become diluted with 

 lymph. Nor had the injection passed into the cells after having been 

 extravasated into the intercellular biliary canals, for the latter contain no 

 trace of injection and were, indeed, completely invisible. This was also the 

 case with the perivascular lymphatics of the lobules (if such vessels exist). 

 In the substance of the lobules the injection was confined to the blood- 

 vessels and to the intracellular channels. There was no diffusion of carmine, 

 and the cell nuclei were wholly unstained. The injection material was also 

 apparent, but of a fainter colour, i.e., in a diluted condition, in the lymphatics 

 accompanying the branches of the portal and hepatic veins. The connective 

 tissue around these vessels and extending a short distance into the lobules 

 was stained by carmine. Schafer was unable to detect the existence of 

 perivascular lymphatics in the liver lobules. His description of the injection 

 appearances agrees very closely with what Browicz assumed might be found. 

 Browicz, to whom Schafer sent preparations, states in a later paper that " the 

 injection appearances are nothing less than ideal." 



In 1902 E. Holmgren (28) described channels in the liver cells of the 

 hedgehog. "Within these channels are what he terms " Trophospongien," 

 viz., the intracellular processes of certain multipolar cells. Functional or 

 metabolic changes inside the processes lead them to become more or less 

 fluid in character, and give the cell in which they are embedded the appear- 

 ance of possessing a network of canals. In a later paper Holmgren (29) 

 criticises the views of Browicz and Schafer. He states his belief that the 

 plasmatic channels described by them are the same as his " Trophospongien," 

 and as such are not in direct connection with the blood-vessels, but open into 

 perivascular lymphatics. The " Trophospongien " are, according to his view, 

 processes of Kupffer's cells which extend into the protoplasm of the neigh- 

 bouring liver cells, and he considers this view the more probable because of 

 the property Kupffer's cells possess of destroying red blood corpuscles, 

 thereby constituting a kind of trophic element in connection with the liver 

 cells. In yet another paper Holmgren (30), after repeating the statements 

 he had already made, expresses the opinion that the star-shaped connective- 

 tissue cells, described by Beinke in the liver, may with great probability 

 be regarded as the origin of the " Trophospongien " of the liver cells. 



With regard to the injected preparations described by Schafer, one of 

 which he had the opportunity of examining, Holmgren enunciates the 

 confident opinion that the intracellular injection described is an artefact 

 produced by too high pressure having been employed in making the 



