1906.] Liver Cells to the Blood-vessels and Lymphatics. 463 



vein and hepatic artery had heen tied prior to the experiment, and the 

 injection mass passed backwards from the inferior vena cava along the 

 hepatic and sub-lobular veins, and reached the inner parts of the lobules, 

 filling the cells copiously with injection. In this case the pressure in the 

 hepatic veins must have been very low, because there was a free escape all 

 the time from the inferior vena cava in the thorax. 



The portal vein of another dog was injected for one hour with Prussian 

 blue gelatine at a pressure of 40 mm. Hg, the object of the experiment being 

 to fill the lymphatics of the liver with blue injection mass. Carmine 

 gelatine was next run through until it escaped from the inferior vena cava, 

 then the large vessels were ligatured and the liver placed in cold alcohol. 

 Sections show Prussian blue gelatine in some cells and carmine gelatine in 

 others. The Prussian blue is, however, very faint and diffuse in those 

 lobules which are well injected with the carmine mass, but of a deep colour 

 in the connective tissue of Glisson's capsule. 



Another dog was injected with melted and filtered hog's lard through the 

 portal vein at a pressure of 40 mm. Hg, a piece of liver having been first 

 removed as a control. The cells of the injected liver are full of fat globules, 

 as shown by staining with Sudan III and osmic acid. 



In the cat a pressure of 100 mm. Hg in the aorta with free flow from the 

 inferior vena cava gives a plentiful injection of the cells throughout the livsr. 

 We injected seven cats, with positive results in every case. A pressure of 

 20 mm. Hg in the portal vein is sufficient to give very good injection of the 

 cells. In one cat 600 c.c. of Einger solution, saturated with chloroform, was 

 perfused through the liver from the portal vein. Carmine gelatine was then 

 injected at a pressure of 40 mm. Hg ; the injection appears in the liver cells. 

 Chinese ink rubbed up with salt solution was also employed in one animal. 

 Some of the smaller particles were found in the liver cells, but most of the 

 particles were too coarse. 



One ferret was injected from the aorta with a pressure of 80 mm. Hg, the 

 inferior vena cava being open the whole time. The liver cells show intra- 

 cellular injection to a marked degree. 



The monkey presented unexpected difficulty. One only (Macacus rhesus) 

 was successfully injected from the portal vein with a pressure of 60 mm. Hg, 

 the inferior vena cava being open. The liver of this monkey shows intra- 

 cellular injection, but not uniformly. The intracellular channels seem to be 

 much finer than those of other animals. In some cells there are rounded 

 accumulations of injection material, as though lying in distended vacuoles 

 (fig. 6). Two other monkeys injected from the aorta, at pressures of 120 and 

 130 mm. of Hg respectively, show intracellular injection, but not well 



