1906.] Liver Cells to the Blood-vessels and Lymphatics. 



471 



congestion ; he considered these to be lymphatics. He made several attempts 

 to inject them, but could not succeed in forcing injection mass past the valves 

 of the main lymphatic trunks, and when he employed the method of injection 

 by puncture the injection material flowed equally into blood-vessels and the 

 spaces round them. 



Koliiker (35) emphasised Hering's opinion that in the rabbit's liver, at all 

 events, extravasation from the bile capillaries passes not into lymphatics, but 

 into the blood-vessels. 



Kisselew (34), in 1869, injected the liver of the dog and pig, using injection 

 mass of one colour for the lymphatics and of another colour for the blood- 

 vessels. He described perivascular lymphatics within the lobules with walls 

 consisting of fine fibrillar material and endothelial cells. He also found 

 lymphoid nodules in the substance of the pig's liver. He agreed with 

 MacGillavry that the capillaries inside the lobules are surrounded by 

 lymphatics. 



Asp (3), in 1873, injected the bile ducts of the rabbit's liver with a solution 

 of alcannin in turpentine oil and found that it passed from the bile capillaries 

 into the liver cells. He also injected watery Prussian blue, and found it 

 throughout the lobules outside the blood-vessels occupying spaces which he 

 considered lymphatics. 



Fleischl (19), in the following year, laid stress on the fact noted by Ludwig 

 that after ligature of the common bile duct in the living dog the lymph 

 issuing from the liver is tinged with bile, showing that the obstructed bile 

 channels at some part of their course come into communication with the 

 lymphatics. He tried injection of the bile ducts in the dog with alcannin 

 dissolved in turpentine oil, but the experiments were not successful. The 

 rabbit gave him better results, and Fleischl supported MacGillavry in 

 believing in the existence of lymphatics within the liver lobules. 



Wittich (62) came to the same conclusion after employing the method 

 of intra vitam injection of sulphindigodate of soda in rabbits. 



In 1875 Budge (12) described the results of a large number of injections he 

 had made of the lymphatics of the liver in different animals. He states that 

 asphalt dissolved in chloroform makes the best injection fluid for the 

 lymphatics, and that it is advisable to inject the blood-vessels in addition with 

 coloured gelatine. He also injected the lymphatics with a solution of nitrate 

 of silver to determine whether they are lined with endothelial cells. Some of 

 the injections were made by tying a cannula into one of the large lymphatic 

 trunks in the portal fissure, but his best results were obtained by the 

 employment of a method suggested by Fleischl, viz., the puncture by the fine 

 nozzle of the injecting syringe of the wall of one of the hepatic veins. By 

 VOL. lxxviii. — b. 2 n 



