480 Drs. Herring and Simpson. Relation of the [May 31, 



always contains some carmine gelatine mixed with the blood corpuscles. 

 Wherever comparatively little injection mass has entered the intralobular 

 blood-vessels, it shows a tendency to adhere to the walls ; this gives rise 

 to the appearance of a thin layer of injection close to the liver cells. The 

 injection is frequently found in Kupffer's cells on either side of their nuclei, 

 but Kupffer's cells show exactly the same appearance in imperfect injections 

 of the blood-vessels, and it is not uncommon to find in the normal liver red 

 blood corpuscles lying in the same situation. In many lobules the intra- 

 lobular vessels are comparatively well filled ; in these cases many of the 

 liver cells, both in the dog and the cat, contain the carmine gelatine, but 

 in all cases where the liver cells contain the injection there is no doubt 

 of its presence in the interior of the neighbouring blood-vessels. On the 

 other hand, there are places where the portal spaces are filled with carmine 

 gelatine and not a trace of any has spread into the adjacent lobules. 

 The same is seen after injection from the wall of the hepatic vein ; 

 there is often well-marked extravasation into the connective tissue of the 

 adventitia, but not a trace of injection passing into the surrounding liver 

 tissue. The usual site of rupture into the blood-vessels appears to be at 

 the borders of the lobules where the interlobular veins break up to enter 

 between the columns of liver cells. The usual site of extravasation of bile 

 after ligature of the common bile duct is, according to Heidenhain, just 

 outside the lobules, and this appears to be the place where both blood- 

 vessels and bile ducts are weakest ; their walls lack the support they 

 receive from the liver cells in the lobules, and have not attained the strength 

 they afterwards possess when united to form the interlobular veins and 

 bile ducts. 



In several animals in which we injected the bile ducts, rupture obviously 

 took place in this situation. The injection mass passed into both blood- 

 vessels and lymphatics of the interlobular connective tissue, and did not fill 

 the bile capillaries at all. The passage of bile into the lymphatics of the 

 liver after ligature of the common bile duct in living animals is not an 

 argument in favour of the presence of intralobular lymphatics. It is more 

 reasonable to suppose that rupture takes place into the connective tissue 

 just outside the lobules, and that the bile under a comparatively low pressure 

 finds its way more readily into the lymphatics than into the blood-vessels. 

 When the bile ducts are injected at a pressure higher than can be reached 

 in simple obstruction of the common duct (11 to 15 mm. Hg according to 

 Heidenhain), rupture takes place into the blood-vessels. 



We do not believe that the injection appearance in the lobules denotes 

 the presence of lymphatic clefts between the blood-vessels and liver cells ; 



