﻿Concerning 
  Emotive 
  Phenomena. 
  

  

  '67 
  

  

  Conductivity 
  

  

  37-5 
  7 
  

  

  = 
  27,000 
  ohms. 
  

  

  Kesponse 
  to 
  threatened 
  pin-prick 
  

  

  .. 
  +15 
  „ 
  

  

  = 
  7,600 
  „ 
  

  

  

  + 
  30 
  „ 
  

  

  = 
  11,900 
  „ 
  

  

  Threat 
  of 
  a 
  burn 
  

  

  .. 
  +25 
  „ 
  

  

  = 
  10,700 
  „ 
  

  

  

  .. 
  +35 
  „ 
  

  

  = 
  12,900 
  „ 
  

  

  The 
  significance 
  of 
  this 
  case 
  consists 
  in 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  during 
  a 
  presumably 
  

   maximal 
  action 
  of 
  sweat 
  glands, 
  the 
  conductivity 
  of 
  the 
  skin 
  has 
  not 
  

   exhibited 
  great 
  augmentation, 
  whereas 
  great 
  augmentations 
  of 
  conductivity 
  

   have 
  been 
  caused 
  by 
  emotive 
  excitement 
  without 
  any 
  visible 
  alteration 
  of 
  

   the 
  sweat 
  discharges. 
  Expressed 
  in 
  terms 
  of 
  resistance, 
  we 
  have 
  for 
  the 
  

   sweating 
  hand 
  a 
  resistance 
  — 
  27,000 
  which 
  has 
  suffered 
  diminutions 
  of 
  

   7,600-12,900 
  ohms, 
  i.e., 
  has 
  fallen 
  to 
  19,400-14,100 
  ohms 
  during 
  emotive 
  

   excitement. 
  The 
  obvious 
  conclusion 
  to 
  be 
  drawn 
  is 
  that 
  the 
  emotive 
  changes 
  

   have 
  not 
  been 
  caused 
  by 
  augmented 
  activity 
  of 
  the 
  sweat 
  glands. 
  

  

  In 
  these 
  experiments 
  we 
  have 
  to 
  bear 
  in 
  mind 
  that 
  the 
  dread 
  of 
  swallowing 
  

   medicine 
  or 
  actual 
  pain 
  of 
  a 
  hypodermic 
  injection 
  have 
  emotive 
  effects 
  that 
  

   must 
  be 
  distinguished 
  from 
  the 
  actual 
  influence, 
  if 
  any, 
  of 
  the 
  drug 
  itself. 
  

   After 
  the 
  first 
  experiments 
  I 
  found 
  it 
  necessary 
  to 
  avoid 
  the 
  complication 
  of 
  

   several 
  sorts 
  of 
  emotive 
  stimuli, 
  and 
  to 
  take 
  only 
  one 
  sort, 
  viz., 
  a 
  pin-prick 
  as 
  

   the 
  regular 
  standard 
  test. 
  For 
  self-observation 
  the 
  most 
  convenient 
  standard 
  

   test 
  of 
  emotivity 
  consists 
  in 
  a 
  voluntary 
  cough, 
  or 
  a 
  sneeze 
  excited 
  by 
  

   tickling 
  the 
  nostril. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  interesting 
  to 
  watch 
  the 
  galvanometer 
  while 
  a 
  patient 
  takes 
  a 
  

   nasty 
  medicine 
  to 
  order 
  at 
  a 
  given 
  moment. 
  A 
  

   pronounced 
  emotive 
  deflection 
  occurs 
  while 
  the 
  

   patient 
  is 
  making 
  up 
  his 
  mind, 
  and 
  the 
  observer 
  

   soon 
  learns 
  to 
  recognise 
  by 
  the 
  galvanometer 
  

   whether 
  the 
  patient 
  has 
  swallowed 
  his 
  

   medicine 
  or 
  has 
  failed 
  to 
  make 
  up 
  his 
  mind. 
  

  

  The 
  deflection 
  is 
  single 
  or 
  double 
  according 
  

   as 
  the 
  imaginary 
  unpleasantness 
  has, 
  or 
  has 
  ^ 
  1 
  1 
  1 
  1 
  ^ 
  ■ 
  1 
  ' 
  ■ 
  ^ 
  ' 
  mi 
  ns 
  

   not, 
  been 
  followed 
  by 
  the 
  real 
  unpleasant- 
  p 
  IQ 
  4 
  _Q 
  astor 
  n 
  

  

  ness. 
  The 
  sensation 
  of 
  nausea 
  is 
  always 
  

   attended 
  with 
  a 
  large 
  augmentation 
  of 
  conductance. 
  

  

  There 
  are 
  several 
  facts 
  pointing 
  to 
  the 
  relative 
  independence 
  of 
  electrical 
  

   from 
  other 
  emotive 
  manifestations, 
  secretory 
  or 
  muscular. 
  Among 
  such 
  

   facts, 
  the 
  most 
  cogent 
  would 
  be 
  the 
  failure 
  of 
  its 
  abolition 
  by 
  atropine 
  (if 
  

   admitted), 
  and 
  its 
  presence 
  in 
  undiminished 
  degree 
  during 
  intense 
  secretory 
  

  

  