﻿40 
  

  

  Dr. 
  A. 
  D. 
  Waller. 
  

  

  schrift,' 
  considers 
  that 
  Leva's 
  observations 
  establish 
  with 
  certainty 
  that 
  the 
  

   p.-g. 
  phenomenon 
  depends 
  upon 
  the 
  sweat 
  glands. 
  

  

  Leva's 
  evidence 
  is 
  particularly 
  strong 
  : 
  he 
  states 
  that 
  in 
  10 
  cases 
  the 
  response 
  

   was 
  abolished 
  by 
  the 
  subcutaneous 
  injection 
  of 
  1 
  mgrm. 
  of 
  atropine 
  sulphate, 
  

  

  After 
  10 
  to 
  15 
  mins. 
  galvanometer 
  deflection, 
  as 
  before, 
  

  

  ,, 
  15 
  „ 
  25 
  „ 
  „ 
  „ 
  distinctly 
  smaller, 
  

  

  „ 
  30 
  „ 
  „ 
  ,, 
  invisible. 
  

  

  A 
  very 
  graphic 
  description 
  indeed, 
  sufficient 
  to 
  convince 
  any 
  unprejudiced 
  

   hearer, 
  but 
  nevertheless 
  not 
  in 
  my 
  opinion 
  finally 
  conclusive. 
  Leva 
  is 
  

   obviously 
  a 
  firm 
  believer 
  in 
  the 
  abolition 
  by 
  atropine, 
  it 
  is 
  possible 
  for 
  a 
  firm 
  

   believer 
  to 
  watch 
  a 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  steady 
  galvanometer 
  and 
  to 
  see 
  responses 
  

   before 
  atropine 
  and 
  to 
  not 
  see 
  responses 
  half 
  an 
  hour 
  later. 
  I 
  had 
  in 
  my 
  

   laboratory, 
  working 
  at 
  this 
  point 
  for 
  months, 
  a 
  very 
  convinced 
  believer, 
  

   Mrs. 
  Markbreiter, 
  B.Sc. 
  London, 
  whose 
  report 
  I 
  subjoin. 
  For 
  my 
  own 
  part 
  

   I 
  do 
  not 
  consider 
  Mrs. 
  M.'s 
  results 
  to 
  be 
  confirmatory 
  of 
  Leva's 
  statements 
  and 
  

   I 
  regard 
  the 
  latter 
  as 
  inconclusive. 
  

  

  The 
  Effect 
  of 
  Atropine 
  on 
  the 
  Emotive 
  Response. 
  

  

  By 
  Kita 
  Markbreiter, 
  B.Sc. 
  Lond. 
  

  

  Otto 
  Veraguth 
  in 
  1904 
  gave 
  the 
  name 
  psycho-galvanic 
  reflex 
  to 
  the 
  

   following 
  phenomenon, 
  namely, 
  if 
  a 
  current 
  is 
  passed 
  through 
  the 
  body 
  of 
  a 
  

   subject 
  who 
  is 
  then 
  excited 
  emotionally, 
  either 
  psychically 
  or 
  through 
  one 
  or 
  

   more 
  of 
  the 
  sense 
  organs, 
  the 
  said 
  current 
  is 
  increased. 
  

  

  Investigators 
  at 
  once 
  asked 
  themselves 
  the 
  question 
  which 
  set 
  of 
  nerves 
  

   and 
  what 
  cells 
  of 
  the 
  body 
  were 
  concerned 
  in 
  this 
  electrical 
  change. 
  Certain 
  

   facts 
  pointed 
  to 
  the 
  sweat 
  glands 
  being 
  primarily 
  concerned, 
  and 
  it 
  was 
  

   thought 
  the 
  emotions 
  aroused 
  caused 
  secretion 
  of. 
  the 
  sweat 
  glands 
  to 
  take 
  

   place, 
  and 
  so 
  gave 
  changed 
  conductivity. 
  

  

  Atropine 
  has 
  the 
  effect 
  of 
  temporarily 
  stopping 
  glandular 
  secretion, 
  and 
  

   therefore 
  provides 
  an 
  obvious 
  means 
  of 
  proving 
  the 
  above 
  statement. 
  

  

  Veraguth 
  was 
  the 
  first 
  to 
  carry 
  out 
  an 
  atropine 
  experiment 
  : 
  he 
  placed 
  a 
  

   belladonna 
  plaster 
  on 
  his 
  subject 
  for 
  several 
  days, 
  then 
  took 
  it 
  off, 
  washed 
  the 
  

   hands 
  with 
  atropine 
  sulphate, 
  and 
  connected 
  the 
  subject 
  with 
  the 
  instrument- 
  

   He 
  found 
  that 
  the 
  p.-g. 
  reflex 
  was 
  much 
  smaller 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  normal 
  subject, 
  

   but 
  not 
  entirely 
  extinguished. 
  

  

  Dr. 
  J. 
  Leva 
  in 
  1913 
  experimented 
  to 
  find 
  out 
  whether 
  different 
  parts 
  of 
  

   the 
  body 
  gave 
  different 
  psycho-galvanic 
  results. 
  He 
  found 
  that 
  the 
  field 
  

  

  