﻿Food 
  Requirements 
  of 
  Women 
  Workers. 
  

  

  45 
  

  

  not 
  so 
  numerous 
  as 
  was 
  at 
  first 
  intended, 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  cessation 
  of 
  the 
  

   activities 
  of 
  the 
  Training 
  School 
  after 
  the 
  declaration 
  of 
  the 
  Armistice. 
  

   Nevertheless, 
  the 
  close 
  agreement 
  of 
  the 
  values 
  obtained 
  for 
  the 
  " 
  standard 
  " 
  

   (basal) 
  metabolism 
  (see 
  p. 
  54) 
  makes 
  the 
  correctness 
  of 
  the 
  other 
  results 
  

   probable, 
  and 
  justifies 
  the 
  assumption 
  that 
  even 
  a 
  larger 
  number 
  of 
  working 
  

   experiments 
  would 
  not 
  materially 
  affect 
  the 
  general 
  conclusions. 
  

  

  1. 
  Plan 
  of 
  Experiments. 
  

  

  The 
  general 
  plan 
  of 
  the 
  experiments 
  was 
  to 
  collect 
  data 
  from 
  as 
  many 
  

   subjects 
  as 
  possible, 
  which 
  would 
  allow 
  the 
  energy 
  expenditure 
  of 
  an 
  average 
  

   adult 
  woman 
  during 
  24 
  hours 
  to 
  be 
  calculated. 
  This 
  period 
  is 
  divided 
  in 
  

   the 
  everyday 
  life 
  of 
  the 
  worker 
  into 
  three 
  periods 
  of 
  approximately 
  eight 
  

   hours 
  each, 
  i.e., 
  the 
  periods 
  of 
  sleep, 
  work, 
  and 
  recreation. 
  

  

  (a) 
  Metabolism 
  during 
  Sleep. 
  — 
  The 
  energy 
  expenditure 
  during 
  sleep 
  may 
  be 
  

   assumed, 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  this 
  investigation, 
  to 
  be 
  only 
  slightly 
  smaller 
  

   than 
  that 
  during 
  complete 
  muscular 
  rest 
  in 
  the 
  post-absorptive 
  condition, 
  

   i.e., 
  12-14 
  hours 
  after 
  the 
  last 
  meal. 
  This 
  value, 
  which 
  might 
  conveniently 
  

   be 
  termed 
  the 
  " 
  standard 
  " 
  metabolism 
  in 
  preference 
  to 
  the 
  usual 
  term 
  

   " 
  basal 
  " 
  metabolism* 
  was 
  determined 
  for 
  each 
  subject. 
  The 
  experiments 
  were 
  

   made 
  at 
  9 
  A.M., 
  the 
  subjects 
  coming 
  to 
  work 
  without 
  having 
  partaken 
  of 
  any 
  

   breakfast, 
  and 
  having 
  rested 
  in 
  a 
  reclining 
  position 
  some 
  time 
  before 
  the 
  

   experiment. 
  All 
  experiments 
  were 
  made 
  during 
  complete 
  muscular 
  repose, 
  

   the 
  subjects 
  lying 
  comfortably 
  on 
  a 
  couch. 
  

  

  (b) 
  Metabolism 
  during 
  Work. 
  — 
  The 
  following 
  short 
  details 
  about 
  the 
  

   organisation 
  of 
  the 
  Training 
  School 
  are 
  necessary 
  for 
  the 
  description 
  of 
  the 
  

   " 
  work 
  " 
  experiments. 
  The 
  school 
  had 
  for 
  its 
  purpose 
  the 
  training 
  of 
  women 
  

   for 
  the 
  manufacture 
  of 
  aeroplane 
  components, 
  necessitating 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  

   lathe. 
  The 
  course 
  extended 
  over 
  eight 
  weeks, 
  of 
  which 
  three 
  weeks 
  were 
  

   spent 
  in 
  the 
  preliminary 
  shop 
  for 
  general 
  training 
  and 
  five 
  weeks 
  in 
  the 
  

   aeroshop 
  for 
  work 
  on 
  machines 
  as 
  actually 
  used 
  in 
  the 
  industry. 
  The 
  

   working 
  hours 
  were 
  from 
  9 
  a.m. 
  to 
  6 
  p.m. 
  including 
  meal 
  times 
  (12-1 
  and 
  

   4-4.15). 
  Factory 
  discipline 
  was 
  maintained. 
  The 
  workshops 
  were 
  well 
  

   lighted 
  and 
  heated 
  by 
  radiators. 
  Observations 
  made 
  on 
  several 
  occasions 
  

   with 
  Hill's 
  kata-thermometerf- 
  tend 
  to 
  confirm 
  the 
  subjective 
  impression 
  

   that 
  the 
  shops 
  were 
  well 
  ventilated 
  and 
  the 
  working 
  conditions 
  comfortable 
  

   (see 
  Appendix, 
  Table 
  I). 
  

  

  The 
  method 
  of 
  instruction 
  consisted 
  in 
  sets 
  of 
  progressive 
  exercises 
  in 
  

  

  * 
  See 
  Krogh, 
  ' 
  The 
  Respiratory 
  Exchange 
  of 
  Animals 
  and 
  Man,' 
  London, 
  1916. 
  

   t 
  'Rep. 
  Loe. 
  Govt. 
  Board,' 
  New 
  Series, 
  No. 
  100 
  (1914). 
  

  

  