﻿54 
  Mr. 
  0. 
  Rosenheim. 
  A 
  Preliminary 
  Study 
  of 
  the 
  Energy 
  

  

  Discussion 
  of 
  Results. 
  

  

  (a) 
  Standard 
  Metabolism. 
  — 
  An 
  examination 
  of 
  the 
  Tables 
  brings 
  out 
  a 
  

   remarkable 
  agreement 
  in 
  the 
  figures 
  for 
  the 
  standard 
  metabolism 
  inter 
  se 
  and 
  

   with 
  the 
  results 
  in 
  the 
  literature 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  they 
  can 
  be 
  used 
  for 
  comparison. 
  

   The 
  investigations 
  of 
  Benedict 
  and 
  Emmes,* 
  in 
  which 
  previous 
  work 
  is 
  also 
  

   discussed, 
  supplies 
  the 
  largest 
  amount 
  of 
  material 
  for 
  comparison, 
  containing 
  

   the 
  results 
  of 
  experiments 
  on 
  68 
  women. 
  By 
  applying 
  Du 
  Bois 
  formula 
  to 
  the 
  

   data 
  available 
  F. 
  C. 
  Gephart 
  and 
  E. 
  F. 
  Du 
  Boist 
  give 
  37 
  calories 
  per 
  hour 
  

   per 
  square 
  metre 
  (with 
  + 
  10 
  per 
  cent, 
  maximum 
  variation 
  from 
  the 
  mean) 
  as 
  

   the 
  average 
  " 
  basal 
  " 
  heat 
  production 
  of 
  adult 
  women 
  between 
  the 
  ages 
  of 
  

   20-50 
  years. 
  The 
  average 
  of 
  the 
  five 
  experiments 
  above 
  described 
  is 
  37'4 
  

   calories 
  with 
  a 
  maximum 
  variation 
  of 
  from 
  — 
  2 
  - 
  5 
  per 
  cent, 
  to 
  +4 
  per 
  cent., 
  

   using 
  the 
  Du 
  Bois 
  formula. 
  Considering 
  that 
  these 
  results 
  were 
  obtained 
  by 
  

   different 
  methods, 
  the 
  agreement 
  is 
  sufficiently 
  close 
  to 
  furnish 
  a 
  further 
  con- 
  

   firmation 
  of 
  the 
  claims 
  made 
  for 
  the 
  contention 
  that 
  the 
  unit 
  of 
  surface 
  area 
  

   eliminates 
  the 
  same 
  amount 
  of 
  heat 
  in 
  the 
  normal 
  adult, 
  the 
  figure 
  for 
  women 
  

   being 
  about 
  7 
  per 
  cent, 
  lower 
  than 
  that 
  for 
  men. 
  As 
  equal 
  care 
  to 
  guard 
  against 
  

   all 
  avoidable 
  errors 
  was 
  taken 
  in 
  the 
  subsequent 
  experiments 
  on 
  work, 
  it 
  may 
  

   be 
  assumed 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  at 
  least 
  equally 
  correct, 
  and 
  that 
  their 
  relatively 
  

   small 
  number 
  does 
  not 
  materially 
  affect 
  the 
  reliability 
  of 
  the 
  general 
  

   conclusions 
  drawn 
  from 
  them. 
  

  

  (b) 
  Metabolism 
  during 
  Non-working 
  Hours. 
  — 
  The 
  figures 
  obtained 
  in 
  the 
  

   resting, 
  but 
  not 
  post-absorptive 
  condition, 
  are 
  mainly 
  of 
  interest 
  as 
  showing 
  

   how 
  little 
  the 
  metabolism 
  under 
  these 
  conditions 
  differs 
  from 
  the 
  standard 
  

   metabolism. 
  As 
  the 
  experiments 
  were 
  usually 
  made 
  from 
  3-4 
  hours 
  after 
  a 
  

   light 
  breakfast, 
  the 
  stimulating 
  effect 
  of 
  the 
  food 
  ingestion 
  had 
  already 
  

   passed 
  off 
  to 
  a 
  large 
  extent. 
  Subjects 
  D 
  and 
  E 
  show 
  somewhat 
  higher 
  results 
  

   than 
  the 
  others 
  in 
  the 
  " 
  sitting 
  " 
  and 
  " 
  standing 
  " 
  experiments, 
  but 
  since 
  the 
  

   metabolism 
  of 
  these 
  subjects 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  generally 
  on 
  a 
  higher 
  plane, 
  this 
  

   result 
  is 
  not 
  remarkable. 
  The 
  pulse 
  rate 
  of 
  Subject 
  D 
  happened 
  in 
  these 
  

   experiments 
  to 
  be 
  unusually 
  high, 
  but 
  its 
  relationship 
  to 
  the 
  respiration 
  rate 
  

   together 
  with 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  any 
  other 
  symptoms 
  do 
  not 
  justify 
  the 
  

   assumption 
  that 
  her 
  condition 
  was 
  not 
  what 
  would 
  usually 
  be 
  called 
  

   " 
  normal." 
  

  

  The 
  energy 
  expenditure 
  of 
  women 
  during 
  walking 
  has 
  not 
  so 
  far 
  formed 
  

   the 
  subject 
  of 
  any 
  investigation, 
  and 
  the 
  amplified 
  analysis 
  of 
  the 
  " 
  walking 
  " 
  

   experiments 
  as 
  shown 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  Table 
  may, 
  therefore, 
  not 
  be 
  out 
  of 
  

   place 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  * 
  ' 
  Journ. 
  Biol. 
  Chem.,' 
  vol. 
  20, 
  p. 
  253 
  (1915). 
  

   t 
  'Arch. 
  Int. 
  Med.,' 
  vol. 
  17, 
  p. 
  902 
  (1916). 
  

  

  