﻿Expenditure 
  and 
  Food 
  Requirements 
  of 
  Women 
  Workers. 
  55 
  

  

  Table 
  IV. 
  — 
  Analysis 
  of 
  Walking 
  Experiments. 
  

  

  

  (a) 
  

   VJ 
  

  

  (V) 
  

  

  (e) 
  

  

  (d) 
  

  

  Energy 
  requirement 
  for 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  Increase 
  of 
  heat 
  

  

  moving 
  horizontally 
  1 
  kgrm. 
  

  

  

  Weight 
  

  

  

  Horizontal 
  

  

  output 
  during 
  

  

  body- 
  weight 
  for 
  a 
  

  

  Sub- 
  

  

  (with 
  

  

  Velocity. 
  

  

  kgrm. 
  -metre. 
  

  

  walking 
  

  

  distance 
  of 
  1 
  metre. 
  

  

  ject. 
  

  

  clothing). 
  

  

  

  

  ( 
  = 
  Walking 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  — 
  Standard). 
  

  

  

  

  

  kgrm. 
  

  

  Metres 
  

  

  (o 
  x 
  b.) 
  

  

  Calories 
  per 
  

  

  Grrm. 
  cal. 
  

  

  Kgrm. 
  -metre. 
  

  

  

  

  per 
  min. 
  

  

  

  min. 
  

  

  (d 
  -H 
  c). 
  

  

  A 
  

  

  59-7 
  

  

  84-2 
  

  

  5-027 
  

  

  2-73 
  

  

  -543 
  

  

  0-231 
  

  

  B 
  

  

  62-4 
  

  

  80 
  -0 
  

  

  4-992 
  

  

  2-62 
  

  

  0-525 
  

  

  0-224 
  

  

  C 
  

  

  66 
  -0 
  

  

  78-1 
  

  

  5 
  155 
  

  

  3-59 
  

  

  0-696 
  

  

  -294 
  

  

  D 
  

  

  57 
  4 
  

  

  72 
  -7 
  

  

  4-173 
  

  

  2-39 
  

  

  0-573 
  

  

  244 
  

  

  E 
  

  

  53 
  -8 
  

  

  72 
  -7 
  

  

  3-911 
  

  

  2 
  -27 
  

  

  0-580 
  

  

  0-247 
  

  

  The 
  subjects 
  walked 
  at 
  an 
  easy 
  ordinary 
  rate 
  which 
  varied 
  in 
  the 
  different 
  

   individuals 
  from 
  73 
  to 
  84 
  metres 
  per 
  minute 
  (27 
  to 
  3 
  - 
  l 
  miles 
  per 
  hour). 
  The 
  

   so-called 
  " 
  maximal 
  economic 
  velocity 
  " 
  in 
  horizontal 
  walking 
  for 
  men 
  is 
  at 
  

   the 
  rate 
  of 
  80 
  to 
  85 
  metres 
  per 
  minute. 
  Judging 
  by 
  the 
  figures 
  available 
  in 
  

   the 
  literature, 
  which 
  need 
  not 
  here 
  be 
  gone 
  into, 
  the 
  results 
  show 
  that 
  

   women 
  expend 
  practically 
  the 
  same 
  amount 
  of 
  energy 
  as 
  men 
  in 
  moving 
  

   horizontally 
  1 
  kilo, 
  body 
  weight 
  through 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  1 
  metre. 
  

  

  The 
  results 
  when 
  represented 
  graphically 
  (see 
  Chart) 
  illustrate 
  the 
  variations 
  

   which 
  are 
  usually 
  found 
  in 
  different 
  subjects 
  during 
  walking 
  and 
  also 
  the 
  

   effect 
  of 
  occupational 
  training. 
  This 
  is 
  most 
  obvious 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  

   Subject 
  E, 
  whose 
  low 
  total 
  energy 
  expenditure 
  in 
  walking 
  may 
  be 
  directly 
  

   traced 
  to 
  the 
  training 
  received 
  in 
  her 
  previous 
  occupation 
  as 
  waitress.* 
  

  

  The 
  chart 
  further 
  reveals 
  the 
  interesting 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  energy 
  expenditure 
  

   during 
  one 
  hour's 
  horizontal 
  walking 
  is 
  in 
  all 
  cases 
  higher 
  than 
  that 
  of 
  even 
  

   the 
  hardest 
  work 
  on 
  the 
  lathe. 
  

  

  (c) 
  Metabolism 
  during 
  Work. 
  — 
  The 
  following 
  Table 
  (Table 
  V) 
  contains 
  a 
  

   compilation 
  of 
  the 
  data 
  for 
  the 
  total 
  metabolism 
  per 
  hour 
  and 
  its 
  increase 
  

   over 
  the 
  standard 
  metabolism 
  due 
  to 
  various 
  forms 
  of 
  work. 
  The 
  last 
  

   column 
  shows 
  the 
  relative 
  increase, 
  taking 
  the 
  standard 
  metabolism 
  as 
  the 
  

   unit. 
  An 
  inspection 
  of 
  the 
  chart, 
  representing 
  the 
  results 
  in 
  a 
  graphic 
  form 
  

   and 
  arranged 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  calorie 
  expenditure 
  of 
  the 
  individual 
  subjects, 
  

   shows 
  that 
  during 
  " 
  light 
  " 
  work 
  their 
  energy 
  expenditure 
  stands 
  in 
  a 
  certain 
  

   relationship, 
  which 
  is 
  still 
  maintained 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  order 
  during 
  "medium 
  

   hard 
  " 
  work. 
  During 
  " 
  hard 
  " 
  work, 
  however, 
  the 
  energy 
  expenditure 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  * 
  It 
  is 
  interesting 
  to 
  note 
  the 
  general 
  agreement 
  of 
  these 
  figures 
  with 
  the 
  old 
  experi- 
  

   ments 
  of 
  Edward 
  Smith 
  on 
  himself 
  (loc. 
  cit.), 
  who 
  found 
  an 
  increase 
  of 
  2'5 
  to 
  3 
  - 
  5 
  times 
  

   his 
  basal 
  metabolism, 
  when 
  walking 
  horizontally 
  at 
  the 
  rate 
  of 
  from 
  2 
  to 
  3 
  miles 
  per 
  

   hour. 
  

  

  