﻿Report 
  on 
  the 
  Metabolism 
  of 
  Female 
  Munition 
  Workers. 
  63 
  

  

  later 
  section 
  some 
  remarks 
  on 
  the 
  experimental 
  error 
  will 
  be 
  made 
  ; 
  here 
  it 
  

   is 
  sufficient 
  to 
  observe 
  that 
  the 
  analytical 
  accuracy 
  of 
  the 
  work 
  of 
  C. 
  H., 
  

   upon 
  whose 
  results 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  calculations 
  of 
  the 
  energy 
  values 
  

   depend, 
  was 
  tested 
  in 
  a 
  combined 
  experiment, 
  samples 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  expired 
  

   air 
  being 
  analysed 
  by 
  Mrs. 
  Hodson, 
  Miss 
  Hargood 
  Ash, 
  and 
  Dr. 
  M. 
  S. 
  

   Pembrey. 
  The 
  agreement 
  between 
  these 
  three 
  workers 
  was 
  sufficiently 
  

   close 
  to 
  make 
  it 
  probable 
  that 
  the 
  conclusions 
  here 
  detailed 
  are 
  trustworthy 
  

   within 
  the 
  limits 
  implied 
  or 
  expressed 
  throughout 
  the 
  paper 
  (vide 
  infra). 
  

  

  Section 
  1 
  contains 
  a 
  general 
  description 
  of 
  the 
  factory 
  conditions. 
  

   Section 
  2 
  deals 
  with 
  the 
  salient 
  features 
  of 
  individual 
  processes 
  studied 
  ; 
  

   in 
  Section 
  3 
  the 
  results 
  are 
  criticised 
  from 
  the 
  experimental 
  point 
  of 
  view 
  ; 
  

   in 
  Section 
  4 
  the 
  interpretation 
  of 
  the 
  figures 
  in 
  summary 
  form 
  is 
  taken 
  up 
  ; 
  

   and 
  in 
  Section 
  5 
  the 
  economic 
  implications 
  of 
  the 
  results 
  are 
  briefly 
  

   discussed. 
  

  

  Section 
  1. 
  

  

  The 
  whole 
  of 
  the 
  experiments 
  were 
  carried 
  out 
  during 
  November, 
  

   December, 
  January, 
  February, 
  and 
  March, 
  1918-19, 
  in 
  a 
  factory 
  manu- 
  

   facturing 
  6-inch 
  shell 
  cases. 
  At 
  the 
  time 
  when 
  the 
  experiments 
  began, 
  the 
  

   output 
  of 
  the 
  factory 
  was 
  small 
  ; 
  the 
  efforts 
  then 
  being 
  made 
  to 
  speed 
  up 
  

   production 
  were 
  relaxed 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  Armistice, 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  workpeople 
  

   was 
  reduced 
  by 
  more 
  than, 
  and 
  the 
  individual 
  output 
  by 
  at 
  least, 
  50 
  per 
  

   cent. 
  Consequently, 
  the 
  atmosphere 
  of 
  the 
  factory 
  has 
  changed, 
  and, 
  during 
  

   our 
  observations, 
  there 
  was 
  no 
  hurry 
  or 
  bustle, 
  no 
  cumulative 
  fatigue 
  effects. 
  

  

  An 
  attempt 
  was 
  made 
  to 
  stimulate 
  the 
  workpeople 
  volunteering 
  for 
  

   respiration 
  tests 
  to 
  work 
  up 
  to 
  their 
  piece-work 
  speed 
  during 
  each 
  experi- 
  

   ment, 
  but 
  this 
  cannot 
  have 
  sufficed 
  to 
  reproduce 
  the 
  earlier 
  conditions. 
  

   Perhaps 
  it 
  would 
  be 
  fair 
  to 
  say 
  that 
  the 
  circumstances 
  more 
  closely 
  

   resembled 
  those 
  of 
  ordinary 
  industrial 
  life, 
  at 
  least 
  in 
  trades 
  the 
  average 
  

   earnings 
  from 
  which 
  are 
  above 
  the 
  margin 
  of 
  subsistence, 
  than 
  would 
  have 
  

   been 
  the 
  case 
  had 
  we 
  carried 
  out 
  the 
  research 
  a 
  few 
  months 
  earlier. 
  

  

  The 
  atmospheric 
  conditions 
  experienced 
  by 
  a 
  worker 
  in 
  this 
  factory 
  varied 
  

   widely 
  from 
  place 
  to 
  place 
  as 
  regards 
  temperature 
  and 
  moisture 
  — 
  ranging 
  at 
  

   the 
  same 
  moment 
  from 
  practically 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  open 
  air 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  to 
  those 
  

   of 
  uncomfortable 
  warmth 
  and 
  stuffiness 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  position 
  chosen. 
  

   The 
  operations 
  also 
  presented 
  a 
  widely 
  contrasting 
  range 
  of 
  types 
  of 
  work. 
  

  

  Two 
  factors, 
  which 
  made 
  largely 
  for 
  success 
  in 
  experimenting 
  in 
  this 
  

   factory, 
  were, 
  firstly, 
  the 
  cordiality 
  with 
  which 
  the 
  staff 
  assisted 
  the 
  

   investigators, 
  moved 
  in 
  many 
  instances 
  by 
  a 
  genuine 
  interest 
  in 
  the 
  enquiry 
  ; 
  

   and, 
  secondly, 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  one 
  of 
  us 
  (A. 
  E. 
  T.) 
  had 
  already 
  spent 
  some 
  time 
  

   in 
  the 
  shops, 
  had 
  won 
  the 
  confidence 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  shop 
  managers 
  and 
  of 
  a 
  great 
  

  

  