﻿64 
  Messrs. 
  M. 
  Greenwood, 
  C. 
  Hodson, 
  and 
  A. 
  E. 
  Tebb. 
  

  

  many 
  of 
  the 
  charge 
  hands, 
  and 
  was 
  popular 
  with 
  the 
  operatives, 
  who, 
  

   encouraged 
  by 
  him, 
  volunteered 
  much 
  more 
  readily 
  for 
  the 
  tests 
  than 
  might 
  

   otherwise 
  have 
  been 
  the 
  case. 
  

  

  The 
  factory 
  has 
  three 
  main 
  parts, 
  the 
  press-house, 
  or 
  forge, 
  and 
  two 
  great 
  

   shops. 
  The 
  press-house 
  consists 
  of 
  a 
  shed 
  with 
  one 
  side 
  open 
  to 
  a 
  level 
  of 
  

   12 
  feet, 
  the 
  general 
  dimensions 
  being 
  some 
  100 
  by 
  26 
  yards 
  superficially, 
  

   with 
  an 
  elevation 
  of 
  10 
  yards. 
  There 
  are 
  seven 
  furnaces, 
  placed 
  near 
  the 
  

   centre, 
  with 
  eight 
  adjacent 
  presses. 
  Both 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  this 
  construction 
  

   and 
  the 
  use 
  for 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  designed, 
  the 
  general 
  temperature 
  of 
  and 
  the 
  

   local 
  temperatures 
  in 
  this 
  press-house 
  may 
  all 
  vary 
  enormously. 
  At 
  times 
  

   of 
  great 
  pressure, 
  with 
  a 
  still 
  air 
  outside, 
  it 
  becomes, 
  even 
  in 
  cold 
  weather, 
  

   terrifically 
  hot 
  (for 
  with 
  all 
  the 
  furnaces 
  busy, 
  and 
  an 
  accumulation 
  of 
  

   rough 
  forgings 
  in 
  all 
  states 
  of 
  heat 
  nearly 
  covering 
  the 
  floor, 
  sources 
  of 
  

   radiant 
  and 
  convected 
  heat 
  have 
  become, 
  after 
  a 
  few 
  hours' 
  work, 
  very 
  

   numerous), 
  and 
  the 
  heat 
  escapes 
  but 
  slowly 
  into 
  still 
  outside 
  air, 
  even 
  

   through 
  the 
  open 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  press-house. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  with 
  fewer 
  

   forgings 
  the 
  general 
  heat 
  production 
  will 
  be 
  much 
  less, 
  and 
  also 
  with 
  certain 
  

   winds, 
  even 
  though 
  forgings 
  be 
  numerous, 
  an 
  icy 
  blast 
  will 
  sometimes 
  sweep 
  

   the 
  place 
  from 
  end 
  to 
  end, 
  and 
  cooling 
  will 
  in 
  consequence 
  be 
  very 
  rapid. 
  

   For 
  similar 
  reasons, 
  the 
  local 
  temperatures 
  in 
  this 
  forge 
  at 
  one 
  and 
  the 
  same 
  

   moment 
  are 
  subject 
  to 
  wide 
  variations. 
  

  

  The 
  two 
  great 
  workshops 
  are 
  alike 
  in 
  structure 
  and 
  arrangements 
  ; 
  both 
  

   contain 
  the 
  machinery 
  requisite 
  for 
  completing 
  the 
  shell 
  case. 
  The 
  length 
  

   of 
  each 
  shop 
  is 
  over 
  200 
  yards, 
  portions 
  being 
  screened 
  off 
  at 
  one 
  side 
  to 
  

   make 
  tool-rooms 
  and 
  stores. 
  Lighting, 
  heating, 
  and 
  ventilation 
  are 
  from 
  

   overhead, 
  but 
  a 
  free 
  circulation 
  of 
  air 
  is 
  aided 
  by 
  numerous 
  doors 
  at 
  the 
  

   sides 
  and 
  sliding 
  panels 
  at 
  the 
  ends. 
  The 
  heating 
  apparatus 
  is 
  quite 
  

   inadequate, 
  pipes 
  being 
  placed 
  so 
  high 
  as 
  to 
  have 
  little 
  noticeable 
  effect 
  in 
  the 
  

   body 
  of 
  the 
  shop. 
  In 
  cold 
  weather 
  it 
  has 
  to 
  be 
  supplemented 
  by 
  large 
  coke 
  

   fires 
  in 
  pails. 
  Closed 
  rooms 
  for 
  the 
  warm 
  processes 
  (varnishing 
  and 
  pickling) 
  

   are 
  partitioned 
  off 
  at 
  one 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  main 
  shop. 
  Lathes 
  occupy 
  two-thirds 
  

   of 
  the 
  floor 
  space, 
  the 
  largest 
  for 
  rough 
  turning, 
  and 
  diminishing 
  in 
  size 
  

   down 
  to 
  the 
  small 
  models 
  used 
  for 
  fashioning 
  base 
  plates. 
  Near 
  the 
  centre 
  

   of 
  the 
  shop 
  are 
  a 
  few 
  nosing 
  furnaces 
  (for 
  shaping 
  the 
  shell 
  head), 
  and 
  

   others 
  serve 
  to 
  heat 
  the 
  copper 
  bands, 
  which 
  are 
  fitted 
  to 
  the 
  cases 
  in 
  a 
  

   hydraulic 
  press. 
  There 
  are 
  also 
  two 
  small 
  cabins, 
  where 
  the 
  inner 
  surface 
  

   of 
  the 
  shell 
  is 
  sandblasted. 
  

  

  The 
  system 
  of 
  overhead 
  " 
  runs 
  " 
  for 
  lifting 
  and 
  moving 
  the 
  shell 
  to 
  and 
  

   from 
  the 
  lathes 
  is 
  carried 
  throughout 
  the 
  building, 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  ends 
  the 
  lathes 
  

   give 
  place 
  to 
  benches 
  for 
  gauging 
  and 
  assembling 
  the 
  cases. 
  

  

  