﻿Report 
  on 
  the 
  Metabolism 
  of 
  Female 
  Munition 
  Workers. 
  

  

  67 
  

  

  at 
  elbow 
  height, 
  with 
  one 
  hand 
  while 
  the 
  interior 
  is 
  swabbed 
  with 
  a 
  mop 
  

   held 
  in 
  the 
  other 
  hand. 
  The 
  woman 
  stands 
  sideways 
  to 
  the 
  table 
  and 
  

   rolls 
  the 
  shell 
  2£ 
  to 
  3 
  feet 
  each 
  way, 
  the 
  weight 
  of 
  the 
  body 
  being 
  thrown 
  

   from 
  one 
  foot 
  to 
  the 
  other 
  with 
  a 
  swinging 
  motion. 
  

  

  Shell 
  Hoisting. 
  — 
  This 
  is 
  a 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  copper 
  banding 
  process, 
  a 
  clutch 
  is 
  

   put 
  into 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  shell, 
  attached 
  to 
  a 
  rope 
  passing 
  over 
  a 
  pulley 
  on 
  

   the 
  overhead 
  run, 
  and 
  the 
  shells 
  are 
  lifted 
  into 
  the 
  banding 
  press, 
  out 
  again 
  

   and 
  then 
  across 
  the 
  gangway 
  to 
  the 
  next 
  bench. 
  

  

  We 
  may 
  here 
  remark 
  that 
  a 
  female 
  worker 
  often 
  moves 
  heavy 
  shells 
  from 
  

   one 
  position 
  to 
  another 
  but 
  always 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  mechanical 
  aid. 
  In 
  the 
  

   press-house 
  the 
  suspended 
  tongs 
  acts 
  as 
  a 
  lever, 
  while 
  at 
  the 
  lathes 
  the 
  shell- 
  

   lifter 
  is 
  only 
  another 
  form 
  of 
  pulley 
  allowing 
  the 
  shell 
  to 
  be 
  gripped 
  in 
  a 
  

   horizontal 
  position. 
  

  

  Tool 
  Setting. 
  — 
  There 
  are 
  all 
  forms 
  of 
  grinding 
  and 
  some 
  exertion 
  was 
  

   evidently 
  needed 
  in 
  using 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  stiff 
  machines, 
  especially 
  when 
  the 
  

   worker 
  so 
  set 
  the 
  stone 
  as 
  to 
  give 
  a 
  maximum 
  amount 
  of 
  friction. 
  In 
  all 
  

   machines 
  there 
  were 
  two 
  adjusting 
  wheels 
  one 
  for 
  each 
  head. 
  On 
  the 
  

   Gisholt 
  machine 
  it 
  is 
  only 
  the 
  stone 
  which 
  is 
  fixed, 
  the 
  machine 
  (which 
  grips 
  

   the 
  tool) 
  swinging 
  backwards 
  and 
  forwards 
  against 
  it. 
  File 
  grinding 
  

   appeared 
  to 
  need 
  fine 
  adjustment 
  of 
  every 
  movement 
  and 
  both 
  hands 
  were 
  

   used 
  ; 
  the 
  friction 
  did 
  not 
  seem 
  "reat. 
  

  

  The 
  value 
  of 
  observations 
  in 
  this 
  department 
  is 
  reduced 
  by 
  the 
  notorious 
  

   idleness 
  of 
  the 
  operatives 
  after 
  November 
  11. 
  Often 
  the 
  work' 
  under 
  

   experimental 
  study 
  was 
  all 
  the 
  work 
  done 
  in 
  the 
  hour. 
  

  

  Gauging 
  or 
  Examining 
  . 
  — 
  Three 
  types 
  of 
  work 
  are 
  covered 
  by 
  this 
  heading 
  : 
  

   (a) 
  The 
  large 
  shell 
  cases 
  are 
  rolled 
  to 
  and 
  fro 
  horizontally 
  while 
  calipers 
  

   test 
  the 
  thickness 
  of 
  the 
  walls. 
  When 
  this 
  is 
  over 
  the 
  shell 
  is 
  stood 
  

   upright 
  and 
  tipped 
  over 
  to 
  the 
  opposite 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  bench. 
  The 
  ordinary 
  

   method 
  is 
  to 
  bend 
  the 
  knees, 
  drop 
  the 
  elbows 
  and, 
  gripping 
  the 
  shell 
  mouth 
  

   with 
  both 
  hand, 
  to 
  spring 
  slightly 
  upwards, 
  thus 
  raising 
  the 
  weight 
  

   without 
  strain. 
  (b) 
  Gauging 
  the 
  tops 
  of 
  gas 
  containers 
  : 
  spring 
  bungs 
  

   are 
  removed 
  before 
  gauging 
  and 
  hammered 
  in 
  afterwards, 
  the 
  examiner 
  

   stooping 
  to 
  pick 
  them 
  up 
  from 
  the 
  ground. 
  This 
  work 
  is 
  done 
  while 
  seated, 
  

   (c) 
  The 
  final 
  testing 
  of 
  gas 
  containers 
  : 
  here 
  the 
  shell 
  stands 
  upright 
  on 
  the 
  

   bench 
  and 
  a 
  screw 
  gauge 
  is 
  screwed 
  in 
  and 
  out, 
  the 
  whole 
  container 
  is 
  screwed 
  

   loose 
  from 
  the 
  shell 
  and 
  the 
  shell 
  shunted 
  back 
  upon 
  the 
  bench 
  ; 
  the 
  hands 
  

   are 
  working 
  on 
  a 
  level 
  with 
  the 
  chin. 
  

  

  Stamping. 
  — 
  Marks 
  are 
  cut 
  upon 
  the 
  sides 
  and 
  ends 
  of 
  the 
  shells 
  as 
  they 
  lie 
  

   upon 
  the 
  bench. 
  The 
  stamp 
  resembles 
  a 
  short 
  cold 
  chisel, 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  sharp 
  

   end 
  is 
  the 
  stamp 
  to 
  be 
  impressed 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  given 
  a 
  smart 
  blow 
  with 
  a 
  heavy 
  hammer. 
  

  

  F 
  2 
  

  

  