﻿Concerning 
  Emotive 
  Phenomena. 
  

  

  27 
  

  

  therefore, 
  to 
  look 
  for 
  a 
  more 
  comprehensive 
  explanation 
  than 
  that 
  of 
  sudo- 
  

   motor 
  variation. 
  

  

  Admitting, 
  as 
  proved, 
  that 
  the 
  emotive 
  effect 
  consists 
  in 
  a 
  diminution 
  of 
  

   resistance, 
  we 
  may 
  take 
  the 
  further 
  step 
  of 
  supposing 
  that 
  the 
  diminished 
  

   resistance 
  is 
  caused 
  by 
  the 
  expansion 
  of 
  ultra-microscopic 
  pores 
  in 
  the 
  

   membrane 
  between 
  living 
  element 
  and 
  internal 
  medium, 
  and 
  that 
  polarisation 
  

   at 
  this 
  membrane 
  is 
  diminished. 
  Or 
  quite 
  simply 
  we 
  may 
  imagine 
  that 
  the 
  

   expanded 
  pores 
  permit 
  of 
  an 
  increased 
  passage 
  of 
  ions. 
  On 
  this 
  view, 
  while 
  

   recognising 
  that 
  a 
  certain 
  association 
  subsists 
  between 
  emotive 
  and 
  secretory 
  

   events, 
  we 
  are 
  to 
  regard 
  these 
  events 
  when 
  occurring 
  together 
  as 
  the 
  

   conjoint 
  results 
  of 
  a 
  common 
  cause 
  rather 
  than 
  as 
  successive 
  results 
  of 
  each 
  

   other 
  ; 
  they 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  regarded 
  as 
  occurring 
  in 
  parallel 
  rather 
  than 
  in 
  series, 
  

   conjointly 
  sometimes 
  with 
  other 
  evident 
  manifestations 
  of 
  increased 
  physio- 
  

   logical 
  activity. 
  

  

  Outflow 
  of 
  water 
  (and 
  discharge 
  of 
  carbonic 
  acid 
  and 
  Liberation 
  of 
  

   mechanical 
  motion) 
  are 
  final 
  events 
  of 
  metabolism. 
  But 
  events 
  in 
  the 
  course 
  

   of 
  metabolism 
  short 
  of 
  its 
  final 
  consummation 
  give 
  rise 
  to 
  nutritional 
  or 
  

   trophic 
  changes 
  which 
  have 
  their 
  electrical 
  aspect. 
  Emotive 
  phenomena 
  in 
  

   my 
  view 
  belong 
  to 
  such 
  previous 
  and 
  deeper 
  changes, 
  although 
  they 
  may 
  also 
  

   be 
  manifested 
  in 
  company 
  with 
  the 
  final 
  and 
  obvious 
  events 
  of 
  metabolism 
  in 
  

   company 
  with 
  muscular 
  movements 
  or 
  with 
  sweat 
  or 
  with 
  flushing, 
  all 
  of 
  

   which 
  are 
  seen 
  as 
  concomitants 
  of 
  sufficiently 
  intense 
  emotion. 
  The 
  ordinary 
  

   visible 
  signs 
  of 
  emotion 
  — 
  muscular 
  (inclusive 
  of 
  vaso-motor, 
  cardiac 
  and 
  

   intestinal), 
  secretory 
  (inclusive 
  of 
  sweat 
  flow 
  and 
  salivary 
  secretion) 
  — 
  are 
  

   more 
  or 
  less 
  under 
  voluntary 
  control 
  and 
  can 
  to 
  some 
  extent 
  be 
  inhibited. 
  

   The 
  emotive 
  effects 
  manifested 
  electrically 
  by 
  the 
  palm 
  of 
  the 
  hand 
  are 
  not 
  

   under 
  voluntary 
  control 
  and 
  cannot 
  be 
  inhibited. 
  Suppressed 
  emotions 
  are 
  

   especially 
  effective 
  in 
  respect 
  of 
  the 
  palmar 
  electrical 
  sign, 
  and 
  this 
  fact 
  

   constitutes 
  the 
  chief 
  practical 
  value 
  of 
  the 
  sign. 
  

  

  The 
  more 
  perfectly 
  an 
  examinee 
  can 
  control 
  the 
  visible 
  signs 
  of 
  his 
  

   emotion, 
  the 
  more 
  violently 
  is 
  the 
  galvanometer 
  deflected 
  through 
  the 
  palm 
  

   of 
  his 
  hand 
  by 
  reason 
  of 
  his 
  suppressed 
  emotion. 
  

  

  The 
  emotive 
  phenomenon 
  belongs 
  to 
  the 
  category 
  of 
  trophic 
  changes 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  

   a 
  sudden 
  brief 
  intensification 
  of 
  a 
  slowly 
  fluctuating 
  state 
  of 
  nutrition. 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  become 
  accustomed 
  to 
  designate 
  the 
  brief 
  change 
  alone 
  as 
  " 
  emotive," 
  

   and 
  to 
  refer 
  to 
  the 
  prolonged 
  change 
  alone 
  as 
  " 
  trophic." 
  I 
  imagine 
  the 
  

   changes 
  as 
  brought 
  about 
  through 
  what 
  we 
  are 
  accustomed 
  to 
  designate 
  as 
  

   " 
  trophic 
  " 
  nerve 
  fibres, 
  and 
  find 
  no 
  necessity 
  for 
  invoking 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  

   special 
  emotive 
  as 
  distinct 
  from 
  general 
  trophic 
  channels, 
  nor 
  for 
  assigning 
  

   emotive 
  effects 
  to 
  sudo-motor 
  fibres 
  exclusively, 
  any 
  more 
  than 
  to 
  vaso- 
  

  

  