﻿Concerning 
  Emotive 
  Phenomena. 
  25 
  

  

  

  

  • 
  ■; 
  .. 
  

  

  *v 
  

  

  . 
  I' 
  

  

  1. 
  The 
  electrodes 
  applied 
  face 
  to 
  face 
  

  

  2. 
  Electrodes 
  in 
  the 
  mouth 
  and 
  rectum 
  

  

  3. 
  One 
  electrode 
  in 
  the 
  mouth, 
  the 
  other 
  on 
  

  

  the 
  palm. 
  

  

  100 
  to 
  200 
  

  

  500 
  

   (400 
  to 
  600) 
  

   20,000 
  

   (10,000 
  to 
  200,000) 
  

  

  10,000 
  to 
  5000 
  

  

  2000 
  

   (2500 
  to 
  1667) 
  

   50 
  

  

  (100 
  to 
  5) 
  

  

  "With 
  one 
  electrode 
  in 
  the 
  mouth, 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  used 
  to 
  explore, 
  observa- 
  

   tions 
  of 
  differences 
  or 
  changes 
  of 
  conductance 
  are 
  practically 
  limited 
  to 
  

   the 
  area 
  explored 
  ; 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  remarkable 
  how 
  steady 
  the 
  current 
  remains 
  

   with 
  steadily 
  applied 
  pressure 
  when 
  the 
  electrode 
  is 
  held 
  against 
  the 
  part 
  

   by 
  an 
  insulating 
  handle, 
  and 
  how 
  much 
  the 
  pressure 
  can 
  be 
  voluntarily 
  

   varied 
  without 
  causing 
  the 
  current 
  to 
  vary. 
  The 
  mechanical 
  change 
  by 
  which 
  

   spurious 
  alterations 
  of 
  conductance 
  are 
  most 
  liable 
  to 
  occur, 
  is 
  friction, 
  

   however 
  slight. 
  A 
  twist 
  of 
  the 
  exploring 
  electrode 
  gives 
  large 
  effects, 
  and 
  

   it 
  is 
  easy 
  in 
  this 
  way 
  by 
  graduated 
  torsion 
  for 
  a 
  superficial 
  experimenter 
  

   to 
  imitate 
  the 
  pattern 
  of 
  many 
  kinds 
  of 
  physiological 
  records. 
  Torsion 
  

   applied 
  at 
  regular 
  intervals 
  is 
  scarcely 
  distinguishable 
  from 
  the 
  staircase 
  

   summation 
  of 
  effects 
  caused 
  by 
  stimulation 
  of 
  muscle 
  or 
  nerve. 
  Similar 
  

   photographic 
  records 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  by 
  the 
  friction 
  and 
  torsion 
  of 
  

   vegetable 
  stems 
  and 
  metallic 
  rods, 
  and 
  given 
  as 
  proof 
  of 
  the 
  life 
  of 
  plants 
  

   and 
  metals. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  ordinary 
  course 
  a 
  single 
  galvanometer 
  and 
  recorder 
  are 
  used, 
  and 
  

   comparisons 
  of 
  different 
  regions 
  of 
  skin 
  are 
  made 
  by 
  successive 
  trials 
  with 
  

   the 
  same 
  apparatus. 
  For 
  certain 
  purposes 
  such 
  as, 
  e.g., 
  observations 
  of 
  the 
  

   comparative 
  magnitude 
  of 
  emotive 
  responses 
  at 
  different 
  points 
  to 
  the 
  same 
  

   excitation, 
  and 
  observations 
  of 
  the 
  gradual 
  changes 
  of 
  conductance 
  occurring 
  

   in 
  different 
  parts, 
  two 
  galvanometers 
  are 
  used, 
  giving 
  two 
  simultaneous 
  records 
  

   ■on 
  the 
  same 
  photographic 
  plate. 
  

  

  The 
  resistance 
  of 
  the 
  skin 
  can 
  be 
  measured 
  in 
  the 
  usual 
  way 
  by 
  Wheat- 
  

   stone's 
  bridge, 
  and 
  for 
  certain 
  purposes 
  this 
  method 
  is 
  more 
  convenient 
  

   than 
  the 
  arrangement 
  in 
  series. 
  Both 
  methods 
  necessarily 
  include 
  as 
  the 
  

   chief 
  factor 
  of 
  resistance 
  the 
  polarisation 
  of 
  the 
  skin, 
  which, 
  in 
  my 
  view, 
  

   is 
  precisely 
  the 
  factor 
  that 
  alters 
  under 
  the 
  influence 
  of 
  emotive 
  effects. 
  I 
  

   take 
  this 
  measurement 
  by 
  a 
  constant 
  current 
  in 
  preference 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  

   strict 
  ohmic 
  resistance 
  obtained 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  the 
  Kohlrausch 
  method 
  with 
  

   alternating 
  currents, 
  because 
  polarisation 
  is 
  the 
  substantial 
  condition 
  under 
  

   which 
  the 
  emotive 
  effects 
  are 
  manifested. 
  The 
  ingenious 
  and 
  elegant 
  

   experiment 
  of 
  Gildemeister, 
  quoted 
  in 
  my 
  first 
  communication, 
  appears 
  

  

  