﻿Concerning 
  Emotive 
  Phenomena. 
  

  

  23 
  

  

  The 
  diurnal 
  periodicity 
  apparent 
  in 
  these 
  Tables 
  is 
  brought 
  out 
  most 
  

   strikingly 
  by 
  converting 
  them 
  into 
  average 
  values 
  at 
  definite 
  times 
  of 
  day 
  

   and 
  night. 
  When 
  plotted, 
  these 
  average 
  values 
  give 
  smoothed 
  curves 
  of 
  the 
  

   normal 
  rise 
  and 
  fall 
  of 
  conductance 
  during 
  the 
  24 
  hours. 
  These 
  curves 
  have 
  

   a 
  course 
  that 
  runs 
  approximately 
  parallel 
  with 
  a 
  normal 
  temperature 
  chart, 
  

   and 
  are 
  therefore 
  to 
  be 
  regarded 
  as 
  an 
  indication 
  of 
  waxing 
  and 
  waning 
  

   physiological 
  activity. 
  ( 
  Vide 
  Charts 
  on 
  pp. 
  18 
  and 
  21.) 
  

  

  Nature 
  of 
  the 
  Emotive 
  Deflection 
  ; 
  its 
  Measurement 
  in 
  Terms 
  of 
  E.M.F. 
  and 
  

   of 
  Resistance 
  {Conductance). 
  

  

  The 
  first 
  question 
  that 
  presents 
  itself 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  an 
  emotive 
  deflection 
  is 
  

   whether 
  the 
  increase 
  of 
  current 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  increased 
  electromotive 
  force 
  or 
  to 
  

   diminished 
  resistance. 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  come 
  to 
  the 
  conclusion 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  diminished 
  resistance 
  

   {i.e., 
  increased 
  conductance), 
  for 
  the 
  following 
  reasons 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  1. 
  An 
  emotive 
  deflection 
  of 
  high 
  apparent 
  voltage 
  (0 
  - 
  5 
  volt 
  and 
  above), 
  as 
  

   shown 
  by 
  a 
  galvanometer, 
  is 
  invisible 
  on 
  a 
  capillary 
  electrometer 
  (sensitive 
  to 
  

   0-0001 
  volt). 
  

  

  2. 
  During 
  a 
  persistent 
  emotive 
  deflection 
  of 
  high 
  voltage, 
  a 
  superadded 
  

   deflection, 
  caused 
  by 
  throwing 
  in 
  an 
  additional 
  calibrating 
  deflection, 
  is 
  

   augmented 
  in 
  proportion 
  with 
  the 
  augmented 
  conductivity, 
  e.g., 
  during 
  

   a 
  persistent 
  emotive 
  deflection 
  indicating 
  a 
  great 
  diminution 
  of 
  apparent 
  

   resistance 
  to 
  20,000 
  ohms 
  from 
  an 
  original 
  40,000 
  ohms 
  {i.e., 
  conductance 
  x 
  2), 
  

   the 
  deflection 
  caused 
  by 
  a 
  superadded 
  calibrating 
  voltage 
  is 
  doubled. 
  

  

  The 
  emotive 
  change 
  of 
  balance 
  shown 
  by 
  a 
  subject 
  placed 
  in 
  the 
  4th 
  arm 
  

   of 
  a 
  Wheatstone 
  bridge 
  can 
  be 
  directly 
  measured 
  and 
  expressed 
  in 
  ohms. 
  

   Or 
  it 
  can 
  be 
  measured 
  and 
  expressed 
  in 
  voltage 
  by 
  balancing 
  against 
  a 
  

   potentiometer 
  E.M.F. 
  

  

  Or 
  the 
  emotive 
  deflection 
  can 
  be 
  directly 
  measured 
  and 
  expressed 
  in 
  

   terms 
  of 
  voltage, 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  a 
  calibrating 
  deflection 
  caused 
  by 
  known 
  

   voltage. 
  

  

  I 
  find 
  it 
  convenient 
  to 
  use 
  a 
  known 
  fraction 
  of 
  a 
  volt 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  

   calibration, 
  but 
  to 
  express 
  results 
  of 
  experiment 
  in 
  terms 
  of 
  conductance, 
  viz., 
  

   in 
  reciprocal 
  megohms 
  (7). 
  The 
  original 
  current 
  is 
  supplied 
  by 
  two 
  Leclanche 
  

   cells 
  = 
  2*8 
  volts. 
  A 
  calibrating 
  deflection 
  by 
  - 
  2 
  and 
  by 
  - 
  02 
  is 
  suitable 
  for 
  

   low-power 
  and 
  high-power 
  observations 
  respectively, 
  e.g., 
  the 
  palm 
  of 
  the 
  

   hand 
  of 
  a 
  given 
  subject 
  in 
  the 
  4th 
  arm 
  of 
  a 
  bridge 
  is 
  found 
  to 
  have 
  a 
  

   resistance 
  = 
  20,000 
  ohms, 
  i.e., 
  a 
  conductance 
  == 
  50 
  7. 
  An 
  emotive 
  deflec- 
  

   tion 
  on 
  the 
  record 
  is 
  measured 
  to 
  be 
  25 
  mm. 
  The 
  calibrating 
  deflection 
  by 
  

  

  