﻿Report 
  on 
  the 
  Metabolism 
  of 
  Female 
  Munition 
  Workers. 
  79 
  

  

  Table 
  XV. 
  — 
  Summary. 
  

  

  Operation. 
  

  

  No. 
  of 
  

   persons. 
  

  

  No. 
  of 
  

   experi- 
  

   ments. 
  

  

  Mean 
  

   calories 
  per 
  

   sq. 
  metre 
  

   and 
  hour. 
  

  

  Standard 
  

   deviation. 
  

  

  Ooemcient 
  

   Of 
  

  

  variation. 
  

  

  Probable 
  

   error 
  of 
  

   means. 
  

  

  1. 
  Li^ht 
  turning 
  

  

  g 
  

  

  37 
  

  

  96 
  

  

  26 
  1360 
  

  

  27 
  3 
  

  

  ±2 
  -900 
  

  

  2. 
  Turning 
  and 
  finishing 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  

  

  8 
  

  

  36 
  

  

  112 
  

  

  35 
  -9477 
  

  

  32 
  -1 
  

  

  ±4 
  -041 
  

  

  3. 
  Tool 
  setting 
  

  

  5 
  

  

  25 
  

  

  124 
  

  

  39 
  -7137 
  

  

  32 
  1 
  

  

  ±5 
  357 
  

  

  4. 
  Heavy 
  turning 
  

  

  5 
  

  

  21 
  

  

  123 
  

  

  27 
  -4646 
  

  

  22 
  -3 
  

  

  ±4-043 
  

  

  5. 
  Forging 
  

  

  4 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  114 
  

  

  23 
  -1462 
  

  

  20 
  "4 
  

  

  ±3 
  -491 
  

  

  6. 
  Cleaning 
  and 
  drying 
  

  

  5 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  182 
  

  

  48 
  -3404 
  

  

  26 
  5 
  

  

  ±7-291 
  

  

  7. 
  Gauging 
  

  

  4 
  

  

  19 
  

  

  154 
  

  

  42 
  -4246 
  

  

  27 
  -5 
  

  

  ±6 
  -565 
  

  

  8. 
  Labouring 
  

  

  5 
  

  

  14 
  

  

  184 
  

  

  38 
  7376 
  

  

  21 
  -0 
  

  

  ±6 
  -983 
  

  

  9. 
  Stamping 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  12 
  

  

  127 
  

  

  22 
  -7827 
  

  

  17 
  -9 
  

  

  ±4 
  -43H 
  

  

  10. 
  Walking 
  and 
  carrying... 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  11 
  

  

  161 
  

  

  28 
  -3751 
  

  

  17 
  -6 
  

  

  ±5-771 
  

  

  11. 
  Finishing 
  copper 
  bands 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  6 
  

  

  128 
  

  

  10 
  -1691 
  

  

  8 
  

  

  ±2-800 
  

  

  12. 
  Shell 
  hoisting 
  (with 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  5 
  

  

  129 
  

  

  31 
  -7468 
  

  

  24-6 
  

  

  ±9-576 
  

  

  pulley) 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  A 
  consideration 
  of 
  the 
  detailed 
  Tables 
  shows 
  that, 
  in 
  a 
  majority 
  of 
  

   operations, 
  the 
  range 
  of 
  variation 
  from 
  subject 
  to 
  subject 
  is 
  very 
  great, 
  in 
  

   some 
  cases 
  the 
  largest 
  individual 
  mean 
  is 
  as 
  much 
  as 
  twice 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  

   smallest. 
  In 
  some, 
  for 
  instance, 
  tool 
  setting, 
  the 
  subjects 
  of 
  several 
  experi- 
  

   ments 
  come 
  out 
  fairly 
  well 
  together 
  — 
  the 
  outlying 
  value 
  being 
  based 
  on 
  but 
  

   one 
  experiment. 
  In 
  others 
  the 
  highest 
  value 
  is 
  contributed 
  by 
  subject 
  16 
  

   (this 
  is 
  the 
  case 
  in 
  gauging, 
  walking, 
  and 
  finishing) 
  who 
  was 
  not 
  a 
  trained 
  

   operative. 
  But 
  no 
  obvious 
  extrinsic 
  factor 
  such 
  as 
  this 
  will 
  account 
  for 
  the 
  

   general 
  run 
  of 
  the 
  results. 
  Whether 
  the 
  extent 
  of 
  the 
  variation 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  

   individual 
  peculiarities 
  of 
  metabolism 
  or 
  to 
  great 
  variations 
  in 
  the 
  amount 
  

   of 
  physical 
  work 
  actually 
  performed 
  by 
  the 
  various 
  subjects 
  during 
  the 
  

   several 
  experimental 
  periods, 
  or 
  whether 
  both 
  factors 
  contributed, 
  cannot 
  

   be 
  ascertained. 
  We 
  do 
  not 
  think 
  anything 
  of 
  value 
  would 
  result 
  from 
  a 
  

   numerical 
  analysis 
  of 
  the 
  data 
  from 
  this 
  standpoint, 
  and, 
  a 
  fortiori, 
  we 
  do 
  

   not 
  propose 
  to 
  relate 
  the 
  variations 
  to 
  those 
  of 
  temperature 
  or 
  cooling 
  power. 
  

   Both 
  analyses 
  must 
  be 
  undertaken 
  when 
  the 
  supply 
  of 
  similar 
  observations 
  

   has 
  been 
  increased 
  twenty 
  or 
  a 
  hundredfold. 
  

  

  Provisionally, 
  and 
  with 
  the 
  greatest 
  possible 
  reserve, 
  we 
  should 
  group 
  the 
  

   figures 
  on 
  the 
  basis 
  of 
  the 
  general 
  means, 
  bringing 
  together 
  those 
  which, 
  

   from 
  the 
  rough 
  indications 
  afforded 
  by 
  the 
  probable 
  errors, 
  seem 
  to 
  fall 
  into 
  

   the 
  same 
  class. 
  

  

  Upon 
  this 
  basis 
  it 
  is 
  seen 
  that 
  our 
  subjects 
  fall 
  into 
  four 
  groups 
  : 
  — 
  

   First, 
  we 
  have 
  light 
  turning, 
  turning, 
  forging, 
  which 
  need 
  in 
  round 
  

   numbers 
  about 
  100 
  calories 
  per 
  square 
  metre 
  per 
  hour. 
  

  

  The 
  second 
  group 
  includes 
  five 
  operations, 
  tool 
  setting, 
  heavy 
  turning, 
  

  

  