﻿166 
  

  

  The 
  Physiological 
  Cost 
  of 
  Muscular 
  Work 
  Measured 
  by 
  the 
  

   Discharge 
  of 
  Carbon 
  Dioxide. 
  Part 
  I. 
  — 
  The 
  Energy 
  Output 
  

   of 
  Dock 
  Labourers 
  during 
  " 
  Heavy 
  Work." 
  

  

  [Interim 
  Report 
  to 
  the 
  Royal 
  Society 
  Food 
  (War) 
  Committee.] 
  

   By 
  A. 
  D. 
  Waller, 
  M.D., 
  F.R.S. 
  

  

  (Received 
  November 
  22, 
  1919.) 
  

  

  The 
  metabolism 
  Sub-Committee 
  of 
  the 
  Food 
  (War) 
  Committee 
  of 
  the- 
  

   Royal 
  Society 
  at 
  its 
  first 
  meeting 
  considered 
  the 
  following 
  two 
  methods 
  

   of 
  inquiry 
  for 
  the 
  determination 
  of 
  the 
  energy 
  output 
  of 
  men 
  and 
  women 
  

   workers 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  A. 
  The 
  Douglas-Haldane 
  method, 
  by 
  which 
  determinations 
  of 
  CO2 
  and 
  

   of 
  O2 
  are 
  made, 
  was 
  adopted 
  for 
  recommendation 
  to 
  new 
  workers 
  as 
  the 
  

   standard 
  method. 
  

  

  B. 
  Waller's 
  method 
  by 
  which 
  determinations 
  of 
  CO2 
  alone 
  are 
  made 
  at 
  

   short 
  frequent 
  intervals, 
  was 
  to 
  be 
  taken 
  on 
  trial. 
  

  

  Allocations 
  for 
  the 
  necessary 
  expenses 
  were 
  made, 
  and 
  interim 
  reports,, 
  

   dealing 
  with 
  the 
  results 
  obtained 
  by 
  both 
  methods, 
  were 
  presented 
  to 
  and 
  

   considered 
  by 
  the 
  Sub-Committee 
  at 
  several 
  subsequent 
  meetings. 
  Of 
  these 
  

   interim 
  reports, 
  two 
  dealing 
  with 
  results 
  of 
  method 
  A 
  have 
  recently 
  been 
  

   communicated 
  to 
  and 
  published* 
  in 
  the 
  ' 
  Proceedings 
  of 
  the 
  Royal 
  Society,'" 
  

   and 
  the 
  present 
  interim 
  report 
  of 
  method 
  B 
  is 
  submitted 
  for 
  similar 
  publica- 
  

   tion. 
  It 
  deals 
  with 
  the 
  CO2 
  output 
  of 
  heavy 
  workers, 
  for 
  whom 
  the 
  energy 
  

   output 
  has 
  been 
  estimated 
  by 
  the 
  Food 
  (War) 
  Committee 
  at 
  1100 
  to 
  2000 
  

   calories 
  per 
  8 
  hours 
  per, 
  " 
  average 
  man 
  " 
  [i.e., 
  78 
  to 
  142 
  calories 
  per 
  square 
  

   metre 
  per 
  hour]. 
  

  

  Both 
  methods 
  A 
  and 
  B 
  afford 
  the 
  measure 
  of 
  energy 
  output 
  by 
  readings 
  

   of 
  the 
  respiratory 
  exchange. 
  By 
  method 
  A 
  the 
  intake 
  of 
  oxygen 
  and 
  the 
  

   output 
  of 
  carbon 
  dioxide 
  are 
  measured 
  ; 
  by 
  method 
  B 
  the 
  output 
  of 
  C0 
  2 
  alone.. 
  

  

  By 
  method 
  A 
  the 
  relation 
  quotient 
  CO2 
  plus/02 
  minus 
  is 
  ascertained, 
  

   and 
  its 
  variation 
  taken 
  into 
  the 
  calculation 
  of 
  the 
  final 
  energy 
  value 
  of 
  the 
  

   exchange, 
  which 
  is 
  expressed 
  in 
  calories 
  per 
  square 
  metre.f 
  

  

  * 
  O. 
  Rosenheim, 
  "A 
  Preliminary 
  Study 
  of 
  the 
  Energy 
  Expenditure 
  and 
  Food 
  

   Requirements 
  of 
  Women 
  "Workers," 
  'Roy. 
  Soc. 
  Proc.,' 
  No. 
  635, 
  B, 
  vol. 
  91, 
  p. 
  44;. 
  

   M. 
  Greenwood, 
  C. 
  Hodson, 
  and 
  A. 
  E. 
  Tebb, 
  "Report 
  on 
  the 
  Metabolism 
  of 
  Female 
  

   Munition 
  Workers," 
  ibid., 
  p. 
  62. 
  

  

  t 
  In 
  accordance 
  with 
  the 
  practice 
  of 
  the 
  Carnegie 
  Laboratory. 
  A 
  full 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  

   method 
  is 
  given 
  by 
  Cathcart 
  in 
  the 
  'Journal 
  of 
  the 
  Royal 
  Army 
  Medical 
  Corps/ 
  

   November, 
  1918. 
  

  

  