﻿170 
  Dr. 
  A. 
  D. 
  Waller. 
  The 
  Physiological 
  Cost 
  of 
  Muscular 
  

  

  First 
  Observation 
  {Tuesday, 
  December 
  3rd, 
  1918). 
  

   Labourer 
  No. 
  1, 
  age 
  51, 
  weight 
  84 
  kgrm., 
  height 
  171 
  metre. 
  

  

  A 
  regular 
  labourer 
  (building 
  and 
  concrete 
  laying) 
  at 
  the 
  East 
  Surrey 
  Docks. 
  

   Work 
  begins 
  at 
  7.30 
  A.M., 
  ends 
  at 
  4.30 
  p.m., 
  with 
  dinner 
  hour 
  from 
  12 
  to 
  1, 
  

   during 
  whicb 
  he 
  walks 
  \ 
  mile 
  home 
  and 
  back. 
  

  

  The 
  work 
  in 
  progress 
  was 
  of 
  varied 
  character 
  consisting 
  in 
  the 
  preparation 
  

   for 
  the 
  laying 
  of 
  a 
  concrete 
  floor 
  — 
  carrying 
  tools 
  and 
  materials, 
  shovelling 
  

   and 
  wheeling 
  gravel, 
  mixing 
  concrete, 
  spreading, 
  levelling, 
  " 
  tapping 
  " 
  and 
  

   " 
  trowelling." 
  

  

  Weight 
  of 
  tapper 
  12 
  to 
  14 
  lb., 
  height 
  of 
  lift 
  about 
  18 
  in., 
  20 
  to 
  25 
  blows 
  per 
  

   minute. 
  

  

  " 
  Tapping 
  " 
  is 
  considered 
  by 
  the 
  men 
  as 
  heavy 
  work, 
  but 
  does 
  not 
  amount 
  

   to 
  more 
  than 
  1 
  kgrm. 
  -metre 
  per 
  second. 
  

  

  Time. 
  

  

  Time 
  of 
  

   collection, 
  

   sees. 
  

  

  Ventilation. 
  

  

  co 
  2 
  . 
  

  

  Litres. 
  

  

  C.c. 
  per 
  sec. 
  

  

  Per 
  cent. 
  

  

  C.c. 
  per 
  sec. 
  

  

  Luncheon 
  hour 
  12-1 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  lLOm 
  

  

  37 
  

  

  14 
  

  

  378 
  

  

  2-0 
  

  

  7-56* 
  

  

  2 
  m 
  

  

  35 
  

  

  13 
  

  

  354 
  

  

  2-0 
  

  

  7-08* 
  

  

  2L0m 
  

  

  30 
  

  

  14 
  

  

  446 
  

  

  3-0 
  

  

  13 
  98 
  

  

  2 
  m. 
  

  

  30 
  

  

  11 
  

  

  366 
  

  

  2-2 
  

  

  7 
  32 
  

  

  2 
  h. 
  30 
  m 
  

  

  30 
  

  

  15 
  

  

  500 
  

  

  3-0 
  

  

  15-00 
  

  

  32 
  m 
  

  

  60 
  

  

  10 
  

  

  333 
  

  

  2-6 
  

  

  8-65 
  

  

  3 
  h. 
  O 
  m 
  

  

  16 
  

  

  16 
  

  

  533 
  

  

  3 
  4 
  

  

  18-12 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  12 
  

  

  12 
  

  

  200 
  

  

  2-9 
  

  

  5-80 
  

  

  * 
  Regime 
  not 
  established. 
  

  

  This 
  was 
  an 
  orientation 
  observation, 
  by 
  which 
  the 
  system 
  of 
  sample 
  collection 
  

   was 
  shown 
  to 
  the 
  labourer 
  for 
  the 
  first 
  time. 
  No 
  difficulty 
  in 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  

   apparatus 
  was 
  experienced 
  and 
  no 
  serious 
  interruption 
  of 
  work 
  occurred. 
  

   Serviceable 
  data 
  were 
  obtained 
  at 
  once. 
  The 
  effect 
  of 
  a 
  brief 
  rest 
  for 
  two 
  or 
  

   three 
  minutes 
  was 
  evident, 
  also 
  the 
  gradually 
  increasing 
  output 
  of 
  C0 
  2 
  during 
  

   the 
  afternoon. 
  Three 
  last 
  readings 
  were 
  13-98, 
  15'00, 
  and 
  18-12 
  c.c. 
  C0 
  2 
  per 
  

   second, 
  i.e.,a,n 
  average 
  output 
  of 
  157 
  c.c. 
  (gross) 
  per 
  second 
  (= 
  3197 
  Kalories 
  

   per 
  hour). 
  

  

  I 
  quote 
  this 
  first 
  observation 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  show 
  that 
  the 
  collection 
  of 
  " 
  first 
  

   observations 
  on 
  a 
  reasonably 
  large 
  " 
  number 
  of 
  subjects 
  under 
  their 
  normal 
  

   conditions 
  of 
  work 
  is 
  a 
  legitimate 
  task 
  and 
  likely 
  to 
  afford 
  serviceable 
  data. 
  

  

  From 
  inspection 
  of 
  the 
  work 
  in 
  progress 
  it 
  appeared 
  to 
  me 
  that 
  the 
  

   operation 
  known 
  as 
  " 
  tapping 
  " 
  (in 
  which 
  a 
  known 
  weight 
  is 
  lifted 
  to 
  a 
  regular 
  

   height 
  at 
  a 
  regular 
  rhythm) 
  is 
  one 
  that 
  lends 
  itself 
  best 
  to 
  a 
  direct 
  mechanical 
  

  

  