﻿Work 
  Measured 
  by 
  the 
  Discharge 
  of 
  Carbon 
  Dioxide. 
  183 
  

  

  Calories. 
  

  

  Sedentary 
  

  

  Light 
  work 
  

  

  Moderate 
  work 
  

  

  Heavy 
  work 
  

  

  (Requirements 
  apart 
  from 
  work) 
  

  

  Less 
  than 
  400 
  

   400 
  to 
  700 
  

   700 
  to 
  1100 
  

  

  1100 
  to 
  2000 
  

   (1900) 
  

  

  These 
  are 
  " 
  net 
  " 
  values, 
  applicable 
  to 
  the 
  daily 
  sustenance 
  of 
  an 
  " 
  average 
  

   man," 
  denned 
  in 
  the 
  Keport 
  as 
  " 
  an 
  adult 
  man 
  of 
  66 
  kgrm. 
  (unclothed), 
  

   171 
  centimetres 
  in 
  height,"* 
  performing 
  eight 
  hours' 
  average 
  work 
  in 
  a 
  

   climate 
  such 
  as 
  that 
  of 
  France 
  or 
  England. 
  

  

  We 
  have 
  to 
  examine 
  how 
  far 
  the 
  results 
  observed 
  on 
  these 
  two 
  dock 
  

   labourers, 
  working 
  under 
  normal 
  conditions, 
  conform 
  to 
  the 
  recommendation 
  

   of 
  the 
  Food 
  (War) 
  Committee, 
  and 
  to 
  collate 
  them 
  with 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  other 
  

   observers 
  associated 
  in 
  the 
  inquiry. 
  To 
  make 
  this 
  comparison 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  

   necessary 
  to 
  reduce 
  all 
  results 
  to 
  a 
  common 
  denomination, 
  preferably 
  to 
  the 
  

   expression 
  " 
  calories 
  per 
  square 
  metre 
  per 
  hour." 
  

  

  Averaged 
  from 
  the 
  last 
  three 
  hours 
  of 
  forenoon 
  and 
  afternoon 
  work 
  (the 
  

   first 
  hour 
  of 
  work 
  being 
  omitted 
  from 
  calculation 
  in 
  order 
  not 
  to 
  include 
  

   readings 
  taken 
  before 
  a 
  steady 
  regime 
  has 
  been 
  established), 
  the 
  results 
  in 
  

   Kalories 
  per 
  square 
  metre 
  per 
  hour 
  come 
  out 
  as 
  127 
  and 
  123 
  for 
  time-work, 
  

   and 
  210 
  for 
  piece-work. 
  But 
  estimates 
  based 
  on 
  the 
  last 
  three 
  hours 
  to 
  the 
  

   exclusion 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  are 
  probably 
  too 
  high, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  preferable 
  {vide 
  infra) 
  to 
  

   estimate 
  from 
  the 
  entire 
  period 
  of 
  work 
  inclusive 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  hour. 
  The 
  

   results 
  on 
  this 
  basis 
  are 
  approximately 
  100 
  Kalories 
  per 
  hour 
  for 
  time-work 
  

   and 
  160 
  for 
  piece-work. 
  With 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  the 
  last 
  value, 
  which 
  repre- 
  

   sents 
  a 
  maximal 
  value 
  for 
  the 
  very 
  heavy 
  work 
  accomplished 
  in 
  piece-work 
  

   against 
  time, 
  the 
  ordinary 
  output 
  for 
  the 
  heavy 
  work 
  done 
  by 
  these 
  two 
  

   labourers 
  falls 
  within 
  the 
  limits 
  (78 
  to 
  142) 
  contemplated 
  for 
  " 
  heavy 
  work 
  " 
  

   by 
  the 
  Food 
  (War) 
  Committee 
  of 
  the 
  Eoyal 
  Society, 
  

  

  These 
  results 
  should 
  also 
  be 
  compared 
  with 
  those 
  reported 
  to 
  the 
  Committee 
  

   by 
  Kosenheim 
  and 
  by 
  Greenwood. 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  found 
  some 
  difficulty 
  in 
  making 
  this 
  comparison 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  

   Rosenheim's 
  figures, 
  which 
  are 
  for 
  the 
  most 
  part 
  given 
  in 
  terms 
  of 
  standard 
  

   (basal) 
  metabolism 
  taken 
  as 
  l.f 
  To 
  quote 
  these 
  figures 
  as 
  they 
  stand 
  would 
  

   not 
  afford 
  any 
  obvious 
  comparison 
  ; 
  1 
  have 
  therefore 
  converted 
  into 
  Kalories 
  

  

  * 
  For 
  comparison 
  with 
  our 
  observations 
  which 
  were 
  made 
  on 
  clothed 
  labourers, 
  we 
  

   have 
  taken 
  the 
  average 
  man 
  as 
  weighing 
  70 
  kgrm. 
  clothed, 
  with 
  a 
  body-surface 
  of 
  

   approximately 
  1"75 
  square 
  metres. 
  

  

  t 
  Eosenheim, 
  "Prelim. 
  Study 
  of 
  Energy 
  Expenditure, 
  etc., 
  of 
  Women 
  Workers," 
  

   ' 
  Roy. 
  Soc. 
  Proc.,' 
  B, 
  vol. 
  91, 
  p. 
  44 
  (1919). 
  

  

  