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  The 
  Physiological 
  Cost 
  of 
  Muscular 
  Work 
  Measured 
  by 
  the 
  

   Discharge 
  of 
  Carbon 
  Dioxide. 
  Part 
  II. 
  — 
  The 
  Energy 
  Outfnit 
  

   of 
  Labourers 
  on 
  Cold 
  Storage 
  Work. 
  

  

  By 
  A. 
  D. 
  Waller, 
  M.D., 
  F.K.S., 
  with 
  the 
  assistance 
  of 
  Miss 
  G. 
  de 
  Decker* 
  

  

  (Beceived 
  November 
  22, 
  1919.) 
  

  

  In 
  pursuance 
  of 
  the 
  investigation 
  of 
  dock 
  labour 
  initiated 
  for 
  the 
  Food 
  

   (War) 
  Committee 
  of 
  the 
  Eoyal 
  Society 
  last 
  year, 
  and 
  thanks 
  to 
  the 
  courtesy 
  

   of 
  several 
  officials 
  of 
  the 
  Port 
  of 
  London 
  Authority 
  and 
  of 
  several 
  willing 
  

   labourers, 
  we 
  were 
  able 
  to 
  make 
  two 
  series 
  of 
  hourly 
  observations 
  of 
  the 
  CO2 
  

   output 
  of 
  four 
  labourers 
  engaged 
  upon 
  heavy 
  work 
  in 
  cold 
  storage. 
  A 
  first 
  

   short 
  series 
  was 
  made 
  during 
  December, 
  1918, 
  at 
  the 
  East 
  Surrey 
  Docks; 
  a 
  

   second 
  and 
  longer 
  series 
  at 
  the 
  Charterhouse 
  Cold 
  Storage 
  Chambers, 
  Smith- 
  

   field 
  Market 
  during 
  July, 
  1919. 
  The 
  data 
  we 
  have 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  obtain 
  are 
  

   obviously 
  scanty, 
  but, 
  we 
  believe, 
  sufficient 
  to 
  prove 
  the 
  possibility 
  of 
  

   acquiring 
  valuable 
  information 
  by 
  an 
  expeditious 
  method, 
  applied 
  during 
  

   normal 
  work, 
  and 
  involving 
  a 
  minimum 
  interference 
  with 
  that 
  work. 
  

  

  Our 
  attempt 
  to 
  submit 
  such 
  scanty 
  results 
  to 
  statistical 
  treatment 
  may 
  

   perhaps 
  be 
  regarded 
  as 
  premature 
  ; 
  we 
  have, 
  however, 
  found 
  it 
  convenient, 
  if 
  

   only 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  bringing 
  out 
  the 
  necessity 
  of 
  more 
  extensive 
  observa- 
  

   tions, 
  to 
  work 
  out 
  the 
  standard 
  deviation 
  and 
  the 
  + 
  probable 
  error 
  in 
  the 
  

   arithmetic 
  means 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  series 
  of 
  observations 
  made 
  under 
  different 
  

   conditions. 
  

  

  The 
  first 
  point 
  to 
  arrest 
  attention 
  in 
  cold 
  storage 
  work 
  is 
  the 
  great 
  irregu- 
  

   larity 
  in 
  the 
  output 
  of 
  energy 
  as 
  indicated 
  by 
  great 
  fluctuations 
  in 
  the 
  

   exhalation 
  of 
  CO2. 
  Cold 
  storage 
  work 
  is 
  piece-work 
  and 
  as 
  such 
  paid 
  for 
  on 
  

   a 
  higher 
  scale 
  than 
  time-work 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  considered 
  trying 
  work 
  by 
  the 
  labourer, 
  

   more 
  so 
  in 
  summer 
  than 
  in 
  winter, 
  because 
  of 
  the 
  greater 
  fluctuations 
  of 
  

   temperature 
  between 
  storage 
  chambers 
  and 
  external 
  air. 
  The 
  work 
  consists 
  

   principally 
  in 
  the 
  moving 
  from 
  storage 
  van 
  to 
  storage 
  chamber 
  of 
  arrival 
  

   goods 
  (quarters 
  of 
  beef, 
  of 
  mutton 
  and 
  lamb, 
  boxes 
  of 
  poultry 
  and 
  cheese, 
  

   etc.), 
  the 
  storage 
  chamber 
  temperature 
  being 
  usually 
  constant 
  at 
  16° 
  F., 
  

   i.e., 
  -9° 
  C. 
  

  

  * 
  The 
  responsibility 
  for 
  this 
  inquiry 
  rests 
  upon 
  two 
  persons, 
  viz., 
  Dr. 
  A. 
  D. 
  Waller, 
  

   by 
  whom 
  it 
  was 
  initiated 
  and 
  is 
  now 
  described, 
  and 
  Miss 
  G. 
  de 
  Decker, 
  by 
  whom 
  the 
  

   actual 
  observations 
  were 
  made. 
  The 
  expenses 
  have 
  been 
  met 
  by 
  grants 
  from 
  the 
  Eoyal 
  

   Society 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  Medical 
  Research 
  Committee. 
  

  

  Erratum 
  in 
  Part 
  I, 
  p. 
  167, 
  footnote 
  (iirst 
  line) 
  — 
  

  

  For 
  Method 
  B 
  read 
  Method 
  A. 
  

  

  