﻿286 
  

  

  Mr. 
  L. 
  T. 
  Hogben. 
  

  

  taken 
  after 
  the 
  marriage 
  flight 
  from 
  nests 
  in 
  which 
  eggs 
  were 
  being 
  laid, 
  

   yielded 
  equally 
  fruitless 
  results. 
  There 
  is, 
  however, 
  little 
  reason 
  to 
  doubt 
  

   that 
  they 
  are 
  of 
  the 
  kind 
  characteristic 
  of 
  insect 
  oogenesis. 
  

  

  6. 
  Secondary 
  Nuclei 
  of 
  Formica 
  rufa. 
  

  

  Secondary 
  nuclei 
  were 
  first 
  described 
  in 
  the 
  oocyte 
  of 
  the 
  Formicidse 
  by 
  

   Blochmann 
  who 
  also 
  described 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  symbiotic 
  bacteria 
  in 
  the 
  eggs 
  

   of 
  some 
  species. 
  To 
  the 
  former 
  Blochmann 
  applied 
  the 
  term 
  " 
  Nebenkern.'' 
  

   But 
  as 
  various 
  cell 
  structures, 
  including 
  the 
  spindle 
  apparatus, 
  mitosome 
  and 
  

   the 
  Golgi 
  rods, 
  have 
  been 
  by 
  different 
  authors 
  described 
  by 
  the 
  same 
  word, 
  

   it 
  is 
  entirely 
  misleading 
  to 
  designate 
  them 
  thus. 
  Their 
  presence 
  has 
  been 
  

   confirmed 
  by 
  several 
  authors 
  both 
  in 
  the 
  ants, 
  wasps 
  and 
  bees 
  ; 
  but 
  their 
  

   origin 
  and 
  fate 
  has 
  proved 
  fruitful 
  of 
  much 
  controversy. 
  Marshall 
  and 
  

   Blochmann 
  both 
  believed 
  that 
  they 
  arise 
  by 
  budding 
  from 
  the 
  germinal 
  

   vesicle, 
  but 
  no 
  actual 
  stages 
  in 
  the 
  budding 
  were 
  observed, 
  and 
  in 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  

   extreme 
  improbability 
  of 
  amitotic 
  division 
  in 
  germ 
  cells, 
  it 
  is 
  gratuitous 
  to 
  

   base 
  such 
  a 
  conclusion 
  on 
  the 
  such 
  slender 
  data 
  as 
  their 
  first 
  appearance 
  in 
  

   the 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  the 
  oocyte 
  nucleus 
  and 
  their 
  irregular 
  shape. 
  Henneguy 
  

   and 
  Brunelli 
  believe 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  derived 
  from 
  the 
  follicular 
  epithelium. 
  

   Korschelt 
  and 
  Gross 
  conclude 
  the 
  same 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  Bomhis, 
  and 
  Will 
  (1884) 
  

   finds 
  that 
  such 
  bodies 
  when 
  they 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  Hemiptera 
  have 
  a 
  similar 
  

   history. 
  

  

  The 
  most 
  thorough 
  studies 
  on 
  the 
  subject 
  are 
  those 
  of 
  Loyez 
  who 
  describes 
  

   " 
  pseudo-noyaux 
  " 
  in 
  four 
  species 
  of 
  Bombus, 
  two 
  of 
  Vespa 
  and 
  in 
  Xylocopa 
  > 
  

   and 
  concludes 
  that 
  they 
  originate 
  from 
  granules 
  ejected 
  from 
  the 
  nucleus 
  of 
  

   the 
  oocyte, 
  nurse 
  cells 
  and 
  oocyte 
  follicles, 
  transformed 
  into 
  nucleoform 
  

   bodies 
  by 
  the 
  cytoplasm 
  of 
  the 
  egg. 
  This 
  is 
  what 
  I 
  believe 
  to 
  occur 
  in 
  

   Synergus, 
  loss 
  of 
  nuclear 
  matter 
  in 
  resting 
  nuclei 
  and 
  its 
  ejection 
  as 
  

   " 
  chromidia 
  " 
  into 
  the 
  surrounding 
  cytoplasm 
  occurs 
  in 
  many 
  insects, 
  and 
  

   clearly 
  in 
  the 
  growth 
  period 
  form 
  the 
  germinal 
  vesicle 
  of 
  Formica 
  rufa. 
  

  

  Such 
  secondary 
  nuclei 
  have 
  been 
  described 
  in 
  two 
  species 
  of 
  Campanotus 
  

   and 
  in 
  Formica 
  fusca 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  the 
  ants. 
  In 
  the 
  former 
  they 
  appear 
  very 
  

   early 
  — 
  before 
  the 
  egg 
  is 
  separately 
  surrounded 
  by 
  a 
  follicle, 
  and 
  as 
  Hegner 
  

   points 
  out 
  this 
  is 
  a 
  potent 
  objection 
  to 
  the 
  theory 
  that 
  they 
  arise 
  by 
  the 
  

   migration 
  of 
  complete 
  nuclei 
  from 
  the 
  follicular 
  epithelium. 
  From 
  my 
  own 
  

   preparations 
  I 
  cannot 
  say 
  that 
  they 
  appear 
  at 
  such 
  an 
  early 
  date 
  in 
  Formica 
  

   rufa, 
  but 
  the 
  enormous 
  number 
  that 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  full 
  grown 
  egg 
  

   would 
  inevitably 
  be 
  recognisable 
  from 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  follicular 
  nuclei 
  in 
  the 
  

   process 
  of 
  division 
  were 
  this 
  hypothesis 
  acceptable. 
  Actually, 
  however, 
  

   follicular 
  mitoses 
  are 
  not 
  more 
  numerous 
  than 
  would 
  be 
  expected, 
  and 
  no 
  

  

  