﻿Studies 
  on 
  Synapsis. 
  

  

  287 
  

  

  evidence 
  of 
  indirect 
  nuclear 
  division 
  or 
  migration 
  was 
  observed. 
  In 
  the 
  

   earliest 
  stages 
  on 
  the 
  contrary 
  the 
  secondary 
  nuclei 
  were 
  always 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  

   immediate 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  the 
  oocyte 
  nucleus. 
  Further 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  added 
  

   that 
  no 
  intermediate 
  conditions 
  were 
  seen 
  between 
  the 
  nuclei 
  of 
  the 
  follicular 
  

   cells 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  oocyte 
  which 
  are 
  manifestly 
  different. 
  The 
  nuclei 
  of 
  the 
  

   follicles 
  are 
  of 
  the 
  characteristic 
  granular 
  type 
  (fig. 
  60a), 
  while 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  

   secondary 
  nuclei 
  (fig. 
  60&) 
  were 
  distinguished 
  by 
  chromatin-like 
  masses 
  often 
  

   radially 
  disposed 
  and 
  sometimes 
  clumped 
  together 
  in 
  a 
  single 
  mass 
  (fig. 
  606). 
  

  

  Eegarding 
  the 
  subsequent 
  fate 
  of 
  these 
  structures 
  there 
  is 
  insufficient 
  

   ground 
  for 
  a 
  final 
  judgment 
  in 
  my 
  own 
  studies 
  on 
  Formica 
  rufa, 
  but 
  on 
  the 
  

   whole 
  I 
  can 
  confirm 
  Loyez' 
  view. 
  The 
  secondary 
  nuclei 
  in 
  Apanteles, 
  

   Synergus 
  and 
  Bhodites 
  ignota 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  temporary 
  bodies 
  which 
  disappear 
  

   without 
  leaving 
  any 
  trace 
  of 
  their 
  identity. 
  According 
  to 
  Loyez 
  those 
  of 
  

   Bombus, 
  Vespa 
  and 
  Xylocopa 
  are 
  ultimately 
  transformed 
  into 
  deutoplasmic 
  

   spheres. 
  Marshall 
  believes 
  that 
  they 
  assist 
  the 
  cytoplasm 
  in 
  the 
  anabolic 
  

   processes 
  involved 
  in 
  the 
  assimilation 
  of 
  material 
  from 
  the 
  yolk 
  discs. 
  

   Hegner 
  ('09), 
  who 
  has 
  availed 
  himself 
  of 
  every 
  suggestion 
  in 
  favour 
  of 
  the 
  

   nuclear 
  origin 
  of 
  the 
  " 
  germ-cell 
  determinants," 
  has 
  expressed 
  the 
  belief 
  that 
  

   they 
  may 
  migrate 
  to 
  the 
  posterior 
  pole, 
  and 
  take 
  part 
  in 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  the 
  

   latter 
  ; 
  but 
  no 
  actual 
  evidence 
  either 
  that 
  they 
  do 
  migrate 
  or 
  have 
  any 
  

   connection 
  with 
  the 
  " 
  germ-cell 
  determinants 
  " 
  is 
  submitted. 
  I 
  do 
  not 
  believe 
  

   that 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  " 
  polar 
  disc 
  " 
  or 
  oosoma 
  in 
  Formica 
  rufa, 
  nor 
  have 
  I 
  found 
  any 
  

   evidence 
  of 
  the 
  migration 
  of 
  secondary 
  nuclei 
  to 
  the 
  posterior 
  pole 
  of 
  the 
  

   egg, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  last 
  hypothesis 
  may 
  be 
  rejected. 
  That 
  of 
  Marshall 
  is 
  

   suggestive 
  and 
  not 
  improbable 
  ; 
  but 
  it 
  seems 
  to 
  exceed 
  the 
  legitimate 
  limits 
  

   of 
  inference 
  on 
  the 
  data 
  available. 
  Loyez 
  claims 
  that 
  all 
  stages 
  between 
  the 
  

   typical 
  secondary 
  nuclei 
  described 
  above 
  and 
  older 
  nuclei 
  simulating 
  the 
  

   condition 
  of 
  synizesis 
  and 
  homogeneous 
  globules 
  can 
  be 
  observed. 
  

  

  In 
  favour 
  of 
  this 
  view, 
  Formica 
  rufa 
  supplies 
  the 
  following 
  data: 
  

   (i) 
  towards 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  growth 
  period 
  and 
  immediately 
  before 
  the 
  first 
  

   appearance 
  of 
  yolk 
  spheres, 
  the 
  secondary 
  nuclei 
  cease 
  to 
  form 
  a 
  compact 
  

   group 
  round 
  the 
  germinal 
  vesicle 
  and 
  are 
  distributed 
  throughout 
  the 
  egg, 
  

   particularly 
  in 
  the 
  periphery 
  ; 
  (ii) 
  yolk 
  deposition 
  proceeds 
  from 
  the 
  periphery 
  

   inwards 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  yolk 
  discs 
  are 
  large 
  bodies 
  of 
  dimensions 
  comparable 
  to 
  

   those 
  of 
  the 
  " 
  pseudo-noyaux 
  ; 
  (iii) 
  in 
  my 
  own 
  preparations, 
  the 
  later 
  

   secondary 
  nuclei 
  are 
  seen 
  in 
  a 
  condition 
  simulating 
  synizesis. 
  On 
  the 
  whole, 
  

   therefore, 
  there 
  is 
  some 
  degree 
  of 
  probability 
  in 
  favour 
  of 
  the 
  view 
  that 
  the 
  

   secondary 
  nuclei 
  of 
  the 
  aculeate 
  Hymenoptera 
  are 
  destined 
  to 
  become 
  trans- 
  

   formed 
  into 
  deutoplasmic 
  spheres 
  ; 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  connected 
  in 
  any 
  way 
  with 
  

   the 
  " 
  polar 
  disc 
  " 
  seems 
  both 
  improbable 
  and 
  unacceptable. 
  

  

  vol. 
  xci. 
  — 
  B. 
  z 
  

  

  