﻿Studies 
  on 
  Synapsis. 
  

  

  315 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  difficult 
  to 
  see 
  why 
  it 
  should 
  be 
  regarded 
  as 
  more 
  scientific 
  to 
  interpret 
  

   the 
  phenomena 
  of 
  mitosis 
  in 
  terms 
  of 
  military 
  strategics 
  than 
  in 
  a 
  manner 
  

   by 
  no 
  means 
  in 
  conflict 
  with 
  the 
  data, 
  and 
  fruitful 
  as 
  a 
  working 
  hypothesis 
  

   towards 
  a 
  knowledge 
  of 
  the 
  morphological 
  basis 
  of 
  inheritance 
  ; 
  without, 
  

   however, 
  entering 
  here 
  upon 
  a 
  discussion 
  of 
  the 
  ingenious 
  " 
  manoeuvre 
  

   hypothesis 
  " 
  of 
  Fick, 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  allowed 
  that 
  his 
  followers 
  have 
  at 
  least 
  a 
  

   plausible 
  and 
  even 
  legitimate 
  case 
  when 
  they 
  criticise 
  the 
  doctrine 
  of 
  

   synapsis 
  on 
  the 
  ground 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  as 
  yet 
  no 
  direct 
  general 
  evidence 
  for 
  the 
  

   persistent 
  individuality 
  of 
  chromosomes. 
  When, 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  they 
  

   endeavour 
  to 
  show 
  that 
  the 
  early 
  events 
  of 
  the 
  meiotic 
  phase 
  conflict 
  with 
  a 
  

   beb'ef 
  in 
  the 
  reality 
  of 
  synapsis, 
  their 
  interpretation 
  can 
  only 
  be 
  described 
  as 
  

   a 
  travesty 
  of 
  the 
  facts 
  recorded 
  by 
  a 
  very 
  large 
  and 
  increasing 
  body 
  of 
  

   investigators. 
  

  

  The 
  Formation 
  of 
  Yolk. 
  

  

  A 
  single 
  nucleolus 
  is 
  present 
  in 
  the 
  oogonia 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  oocyte 
  from 
  its 
  

   inception. 
  In 
  the 
  earliest 
  stages 
  it 
  can 
  be 
  readily 
  identified 
  as 
  a 
  plasmo- 
  

   some, 
  with 
  Auerbach 
  or 
  methylene 
  blue-eosin 
  staining 
  methods 
  (fig. 
  10). 
  

   At 
  first 
  spherical, 
  it 
  becomes 
  enlarged 
  and 
  temporarily 
  pear-shaped 
  about 
  

   the 
  time 
  when 
  the 
  nucleus 
  passes 
  into 
  the 
  diffuse 
  condition, 
  but 
  it 
  speedily 
  

   reassumes 
  a 
  characteristically 
  spherical 
  shape. 
  From 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  the 
  

   growth 
  phase 
  it 
  is 
  seen 
  to 
  emit 
  minute 
  deeply 
  staining 
  particles, 
  which 
  

   appear 
  to 
  pass 
  bodily 
  through 
  the 
  nuclear 
  membrane 
  and 
  migrate 
  to 
  the 
  

   outer 
  boundary 
  of 
  the 
  cytoplasm, 
  where 
  they 
  are 
  either 
  ejected 
  or 
  trans- 
  

   formed 
  into 
  some 
  material 
  no 
  longer 
  distinguishable 
  from 
  the 
  ground 
  

   cytoplasm 
  itself 
  (figs. 
  21 
  and 
  22). 
  At 
  a 
  certain 
  point, 
  which 
  has, 
  as 
  will 
  

   be 
  seen 
  later, 
  a 
  definite 
  relation 
  to 
  the 
  deposition 
  of 
  yolk, 
  a 
  noteworthy 
  

   series 
  of 
  changes 
  commence. 
  In 
  Haidenhein 
  preparations 
  of 
  material 
  

   fixed 
  without 
  acetic 
  acid, 
  the 
  plasmosome 
  has 
  hitherto 
  displayed 
  a 
  markedly 
  

   chromatic 
  appearance 
  ; 
  it 
  now 
  loses 
  its 
  opacity, 
  and 
  vacuoles 
  are 
  recognisable 
  

   in 
  its 
  substance 
  (figs. 
  24-27). 
  At 
  a 
  later 
  stage 
  these 
  vacuoles 
  assume 
  a 
  

   granular 
  and 
  more 
  chromatic 
  form, 
  simulating, 
  in 
  fact, 
  miniature 
  nuclei 
  

   within 
  the 
  ground 
  substance 
  of 
  the 
  nucleolus. 
  The 
  structure 
  of 
  the 
  

   nucleolus 
  at 
  this 
  stage 
  is 
  represented 
  in 
  optical 
  section 
  in 
  figs. 
  23, 
  28, 
  

   and 
  29. 
  From 
  now 
  onwards, 
  appearances 
  suggest 
  that 
  the 
  ejection 
  of 
  the 
  

   more 
  minute 
  and 
  uniformly 
  chromatic 
  particles 
  alluded 
  to 
  above 
  ceases, 
  and 
  

   the 
  vacuolar 
  bodies 
  within 
  the 
  plasmosome 
  are 
  cast 
  out 
  into 
  the 
  karyolymph, 
  

   boring 
  their 
  way, 
  as 
  it 
  were, 
  through 
  the 
  nuclear 
  membrane, 
  eventually 
  to 
  

   periphery 
  of 
  the 
  egg 
  (fig. 
  31). 
  As 
  these 
  intranucleolar 
  bodies, 
  which, 
  for 
  

   reasons 
  that 
  will 
  be 
  explained, 
  may 
  be 
  termed 
  dcutosomes, 
  are 
  discharged 
  in 
  

  

  