﻿xxxiv 
  Obituary 
  Notices 
  of 
  Fellows 
  deceased. 
  

  

  of 
  sand, 
  gravel, 
  and 
  peat, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  Cave 
  deposits 
  and 
  Palaolithic 
  gravels 
  

   in 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  England. 
  

  

  In 
  1867, 
  James 
  Geikie's 
  views 
  were 
  strengthened 
  by 
  his 
  contact 
  with 
  

   James 
  Croll, 
  who 
  had 
  heen 
  appointed 
  Secretary 
  to 
  the 
  Scottish 
  Staff 
  of 
  the 
  

   Geological 
  Survey 
  under 
  the 
  Directorship 
  of 
  Sir 
  Archibald 
  Geikie. 
  Croll's 
  

   memoir 
  on 
  the 
  ' 
  Physical 
  Causes 
  of 
  Changes 
  of 
  Climate 
  during 
  the 
  Glacial 
  

   Epoch 
  ' 
  had 
  attracted 
  the 
  notice 
  of 
  geologists, 
  astronomers, 
  and 
  physicists. 
  

   Accepting 
  his 
  theory, 
  it 
  followed 
  that 
  the 
  Glacial 
  Epoch 
  must 
  have 
  con- 
  

   sisted 
  of 
  a 
  succession 
  of 
  cold 
  and 
  warm 
  periods, 
  the 
  warm 
  periods 
  of 
  one 
  

   hemisphere 
  corresponding 
  with 
  the 
  cold 
  periods 
  of 
  the 
  other. 
  The 
  field 
  

   evidence, 
  as 
  interpreted 
  by 
  James 
  Geikie, 
  seemed 
  to 
  harmonise 
  with 
  the 
  

   results 
  of 
  Croll's 
  speculative 
  researches. 
  The 
  writer 
  of 
  this 
  notice 
  has 
  a 
  

   vivid 
  recollection 
  of 
  the 
  keen 
  discussions 
  bearing 
  upon 
  glacial 
  questions 
  which 
  

   took 
  place 
  in 
  the 
  Edinburgh 
  Survey 
  Office 
  for 
  several 
  years 
  after 
  1867. 
  

   Croll's 
  commanding 
  personality 
  had 
  a 
  considerable 
  influence 
  on 
  the 
  develop- 
  

   ment 
  of 
  James 
  Geikie's 
  views. 
  

  

  An 
  outline 
  of 
  James 
  Geikie's 
  researches 
  first 
  appeared 
  in 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  

   articles 
  in 
  the 
  ' 
  Geological 
  Magazine,' 
  but 
  the 
  author 
  lost 
  no 
  time 
  in 
  

   expanding 
  those 
  articles 
  and 
  presenting 
  the 
  evidence 
  in 
  his 
  volume 
  'The 
  

   Great 
  Ice 
  Age,' 
  published 
  in 
  1874. 
  This 
  volume 
  at 
  once 
  arrested 
  the 
  

   attention 
  of 
  geologists 
  all 
  over 
  the 
  globe. 
  For 
  the 
  first 
  time 
  it 
  gave 
  a 
  

   systematic 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  Glacial 
  Epoch, 
  with 
  special 
  reference 
  to 
  its 
  

   changes 
  of 
  climate. 
  It 
  furnished 
  a 
  detailed 
  description 
  of 
  the 
  glacial 
  and 
  

   post-glacial 
  deposits 
  in 
  Scotland, 
  which 
  was 
  followed 
  by 
  a 
  summary 
  of 
  the 
  

   evidence 
  then 
  available 
  regarding 
  the 
  relics 
  of 
  post-Tertiary 
  time 
  in 
  England, 
  

   Ireland, 
  Scandinavia, 
  Switzerland, 
  and 
  North 
  America. 
  Special 
  emphasis 
  

   was 
  laid 
  on 
  the 
  palaeontological 
  evidence 
  indicating 
  interglacial 
  mild 
  con- 
  

   ditions 
  amongst 
  the 
  oldest 
  glacial 
  deposits. 
  The 
  peculiar 
  assemblage 
  of 
  

   northern 
  and 
  southern 
  forms 
  in 
  the 
  Palaeolithic 
  gravels 
  and 
  Cave 
  deposits 
  in 
  

   England 
  was 
  attributed 
  to 
  oscillations 
  of 
  climate 
  and 
  not 
  to 
  seasonal 
  migra- 
  

   tions. 
  With 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  age 
  of 
  the 
  Palaeolithic 
  deposits 
  it 
  was 
  maintained 
  

   that 
  they 
  were 
  either 
  pre-glacial 
  or 
  inter-glacial, 
  and 
  not 
  post-glacial. 
  

  

  The 
  second 
  edition 
  of 
  'The 
  Great 
  Ice 
  Age,' 
  which 
  appeared 
  in 
  1877, 
  the 
  

   volume 
  on 
  ' 
  Prehistoric 
  Europe 
  ' 
  (1880), 
  the 
  third 
  edition 
  of 
  ' 
  The 
  Great 
  Ice 
  

   Age 
  (1894), 
  and 
  the 
  Munro 
  Lectures 
  on 
  ' 
  The 
  Antiquity 
  of 
  Man 
  in 
  Europe 
  ' 
  

   (1914), 
  mark 
  successive 
  stages 
  in 
  the 
  evolution 
  of 
  James 
  Geikie's 
  views. 
  

   The 
  distinctive 
  feature 
  of 
  the 
  last 
  of 
  these 
  volumes 
  was 
  the 
  correlation 
  of 
  

   his 
  series 
  of 
  inter-glacial 
  periods 
  with 
  the 
  culture 
  stages 
  of 
  Palaeolithic 
  

   and 
  Neolithic 
  man. 
  His 
  great 
  aim 
  was 
  to 
  keep 
  himself 
  abreast 
  of 
  the 
  

   increasing 
  volume 
  of 
  research 
  in 
  glacial 
  geology, 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  which 
  were 
  

   communicated 
  to 
  him 
  by 
  investigators 
  from 
  far 
  and 
  near. 
  From 
  time 
  to 
  

   time 
  he 
  modified 
  his 
  opinions 
  regarding 
  the 
  interpretation 
  of 
  particular 
  details 
  

   in 
  the 
  history 
  of 
  the 
  period. 
  But 
  the 
  fundamental 
  points 
  of 
  his 
  teaching, 
  

   that 
  the 
  Ice 
  Age 
  was 
  characterised 
  by 
  a 
  succession 
  of 
  cold 
  and 
  genial 
  

   periods, 
  and 
  that 
  man 
  then 
  lived 
  in 
  Europe, 
  were 
  never 
  abandoned 
  by 
  him. 
  

  

  