﻿Sir 
  Victor 
  Horsley. 
  

  

  xlvii 
  

  

  latter, 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  its 
  importance, 
  requires 
  some 
  fuller 
  exposition 
  on 
  my 
  

   part. 
  

  

  In 
  1890 
  Horsley 
  and 
  Beevor 
  discovered 
  definitely 
  localised 
  areas 
  in 
  the 
  

   orang 
  brain. 
  In 
  certain 
  points 
  of 
  anatomical 
  detail, 
  and 
  more 
  especially 
  the 
  

   excitability 
  of 
  the 
  post-central 
  convolution, 
  combined 
  with 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  

   intermediate 
  inexcitable 
  zones, 
  their 
  results 
  were 
  modified 
  by 
  the 
  subsequent 
  

   researches 
  of 
  Griinbaum 
  and 
  Sherrington. 
  But 
  they 
  do 
  not 
  in 
  any 
  way 
  

   detract 
  from 
  the 
  value 
  of 
  Horsley's 
  pioneer 
  research 
  and 
  its 
  application 
  to 
  

   cerebral 
  surgery 
  in 
  man. 
  The 
  fact 
  must 
  also 
  not 
  be 
  forgotten 
  that 
  Horsley 
  

   was 
  the 
  first 
  to 
  operate 
  in 
  1887 
  for 
  tumour 
  of 
  the 
  spinal 
  cord 
  on 
  a 
  case 
  of 
  Sir 
  

   Win. 
  Gowers, 
  and 
  to 
  remove 
  it 
  with 
  successful 
  results. 
  

  

  To 
  continue 
  Paget's 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  scientific 
  researches 
  of 
  Horsley 
  : 
  " 
  Then 
  

   the 
  special 
  work 
  with 
  Semon, 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  localisation 
  of 
  the 
  centres 
  for 
  

   the 
  movements 
  of 
  the 
  larynx." 
  The 
  work 
  with 
  Walter 
  Spencer 
  was 
  con- 
  

   cerned 
  with 
  the 
  control 
  of 
  haemorrhage 
  from 
  the 
  middle 
  cerebral 
  artery 
  

   by 
  compression 
  of 
  the 
  common 
  carotid. 
  That 
  with 
  Gotch 
  was 
  a 
  long 
  and 
  

   important 
  paper 
  upon 
  observations 
  upon 
  the 
  electro-motive 
  changes 
  in 
  the 
  

   mammalian 
  spinal 
  cord 
  following 
  electrical 
  stimulation 
  of 
  the 
  cortex 
  cerebri. 
  

  

  The 
  two 
  fundamental 
  principles 
  shown 
  by 
  these 
  observations 
  were 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  "(1) 
  Electro-motive 
  changes 
  occurred 
  at 
  the 
  cut 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  

   dorsal 
  spinal 
  cord, 
  that 
  is, 
  below 
  the 
  spinal 
  centres 
  for 
  the 
  upper 
  limb 
  and 
  

   above 
  the 
  spinal 
  centres 
  for 
  the 
  lower 
  limb, 
  only 
  when 
  the 
  cortical 
  centres 
  

   for 
  the 
  lower 
  limb 
  were 
  stimulated, 
  but 
  not 
  otherwise. 
  

  

  " 
  (2) 
  The 
  electro-motive 
  change 
  so 
  produced 
  was 
  first 
  a 
  persistent 
  stage, 
  

   next 
  a 
  rhythmical 
  stage 
  answering 
  to 
  the 
  tonic 
  and 
  clonic 
  stages 
  of 
  the 
  con- 
  

   vulsions, 
  and 
  the 
  conclusion 
  was 
  arrived 
  at 
  that 
  during 
  a 
  cortical 
  epileptiform 
  

   discharge 
  the 
  electro-motive 
  changes 
  in 
  the 
  cord 
  are 
  exactly 
  parallel, 
  as 
  

   regards 
  the 
  character 
  of 
  their 
  sequence, 
  to 
  the 
  convulsion 
  of 
  the 
  muscles 
  as 
  

   recorded 
  by 
  the 
  graphic 
  method." 
  

  

  In 
  1886 
  he 
  was 
  appointed 
  surgeon 
  to 
  the 
  National 
  Hospital 
  for 
  Epilepsy 
  

   and 
  Nervous 
  Diseases 
  — 
  thus 
  early 
  in 
  his 
  career 
  he 
  obtained 
  the 
  opportunity 
  

   he 
  desired 
  of 
  applying 
  his 
  scientific 
  knowledge 
  and 
  experience 
  obtained 
  by 
  

   experiments 
  upon 
  animals 
  to 
  the 
  surgery 
  of 
  the 
  brain 
  and 
  spinal 
  cord. 
  

  

  Horsley's 
  skill 
  as 
  a 
  surgeon 
  in 
  this 
  speciality 
  soon 
  became 
  unrivalled, 
  and 
  

   his 
  fame 
  spread 
  abroad. 
  It 
  was 
  not, 
  however, 
  until 
  1900 
  that 
  he 
  was 
  appointed 
  

   full 
  surgeon 
  at 
  University 
  College 
  Hospital. 
  Two 
  years 
  later 
  he 
  received 
  

   the 
  honour 
  of 
  knighthood. 
  His 
  practice 
  now 
  became 
  very 
  extensive, 
  but 
  

   he 
  still 
  found 
  time 
  to 
  deliver 
  many 
  scientific 
  addresses 
  and 
  lectures 
  ; 
  and 
  

   even 
  as 
  late 
  as 
  1910 
  he 
  devoted 
  a 
  considerable 
  amount 
  of 
  time 
  to 
  experi- 
  

   mental 
  investigations, 
  principally 
  in 
  conjunction 
  with 
  R. 
  H. 
  Clarke, 
  on 
  " 
  The 
  

   Intrinsic 
  Fibres' 
  of 
  the 
  Cerebellum, 
  its 
  Nuclei 
  and 
  Efferent 
  Tracts 
  " 
  ; 
  they 
  

   also 
  established 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  cerebellar 
  cortex 
  is 
  practically 
  inexcitable. 
  

  

  Sir 
  Victor 
  gave 
  up 
  his 
  appointment 
  at 
  University 
  College 
  Hospital 
  and 
  

   his 
  Professorship 
  of 
  Surgery 
  at 
  University 
  College 
  in 
  1906. 
  About 
  this 
  

   period 
  he 
  commenced 
  to 
  turn 
  his 
  attention 
  to 
  medical 
  politics 
  and 
  social 
  

  

  