1908.] Anniversary Address by Lord Rayleigh. 11 



latter work he relied on reports from 50 stations. The Government then 

 took up the matter, increased his 50 stations to nearly 1000, and founded a 

 Chair of Seismology for Mr. Milne. It is due to his energy, skill, and know- 

 ledge that the Japanese School of Seismology stands as the first in the world. 



While still in Japan he attempted to obtain international co-operation 

 through the representatives of 13 nationalities. This first effort failed; 

 but subsequently, on his return to England in 1895, he succeeded, and 

 reports are now received by him from some 200 stations furnished with 

 trustworthy instruments, and scattered all over the world. On his return to 

 England he at once established his own observatory at Shide, in the Isle of 

 Wight, and the work has been carried on continuously from that time up to 

 now, mainly by his own industry and resources. 



In Great Britain we owe everything in seismology to the British Associa- 

 tion. Their Committee was founded in 1880, and since that date Milne has 

 been the moving spirit in the long career of its activity. He has been the 

 author of 29 annual reports, and these form in effect a history of the 

 advance of seismology since it has been recognised as a definite branch of 

 science. 



The knowledge which we have now acquired as to the internal constitution 

 of the earth is more due to Milne than to any other man. 



The work of Dr. Henry Head, F.B.S., on which is founded the award of 

 the other Boyal Medal, forms a connected series of researches on the Nervous 

 System (made partly in conjunction with Campbell, Bivers, Sherren, and 

 Thompson), published for the most part in 'Brain ' at various times since 1893 

 up to the present date, and constituting one of the most original and 

 important contributions to neurological science of recent times. 



His first paper (1893), founded on minute and laborious clinical investiga- 

 tion, established in a more precise manner than had hitherto been done 

 the relations between the somatic and visceral systems of nerves. He 

 confirmed from the clinical side the experimental researches of Sherrington 

 on the distribution of the posterior roots of the spinal nerves. 



An inquiry into the pathology of Herpes Zoster (1900), which he proved 

 abundantly to be due to inflammation of the posterior root ganglia, indicated 

 that the areas of referred pain in visceral disease corresponded specially with 

 the distribution of the fibres of the posterior roots subserving painful 

 cutaneous sensibility. 



Continuing his investigations on the peripheral nerves, partly by experi- 

 ments on himself, in conjunction with Bivers, and partly by examination of 

 cases of accidental injuries to nerves, Head was led to formulate (1905) an 



