48 Miss M. Wheldale. Colours and Pigments of [Oct. 31, 



other bases a yellow colour. He further distinguishes a pigment, " Malven- 

 violett," occurring in the leaves of Coleus Hero, Perilla nankinensis, Corylus 

 avellana atropurp., red Brassica, and Malva sp. It is present as a compound, 

 which, on the action of acids, produces the weinrot pigment. 



In the present paper, conclusions are based upon the examination of 

 relatively few red pigments, and even these present great complexity. Yet, 

 on the whole, a rough classification may be given as follows :— 



1. A purple anthocyanin, which is characterised by giving a deep blue or 

 violet colour with ferrous sulphate and ferric chloride, a green colour with 

 alkalis and a blue or blue-green precipitate with basic lead acetate. Such a 

 pigment is found in the deep purple and crimson varieties of Dianthus 

 Caryopliyllus, Lathyrus odoratus, Phlox Drummondii, the purple and plum 

 varieties of Matthiola (Saunders (1)), purple Fuchsia, and in the berries of 

 Atropa Belladonna and Rosa pimpinellifolia. 



2. A purplish-red anthocyanin, corresponding probably to Weigert's wein- 

 rot. This pigment does not give the above reaction with iron salts ; but 

 with alkalis a green colour and a green precipitate with basic lead acetate. 

 This form occurs in the magenta varieties of Antirrhinum majus, Dahlia 

 variabilis, pale magenta and violet varieties of Phlox Drummondii, red 

 varieties of Lathyrus odoratus, Salvia Eorminum, and Verbena ; also in the 

 crimson Cheiranthus Cheiri, in Tradescantia virginiana and in Rhus aromatica. 



3. A red anthocyanin characterised by giving a red precipitate with basic 

 lead acetate. Two sub-groups may be further identified as — (a) those giving 

 green colour with alkalis — red, copper, and rose varieties of Matthiola, and 

 a red variety of Delphinium; (b) those giving a reddish yellow colour with 

 alkalis — pink varieties of Dianthus Caryopliyllus, flesh and terra-cotta 

 varieties of Matthiola, certain scarlets of Lathyrus, salmon-rose varieties of 

 Dianthus barbatus, Phlox Drummondii, Verbena, and the " rose doree " variety 

 of Antirrhinum majus. 



The above classes seem to show a gradual diminution in the amount of 

 blueness present as we pass from the very blue purples of Lathyrus, through 

 the magentas and blue-reds of Antirrhinum and Lathyrus, to end finally in 

 such varieties as the " rose doree " Antirrhinum, from which blueness is prac- 

 tically absent. The bluer form is usually the original type and the reds, as 

 derivatives, are probably components of the original anthocyanin. 



There is some indication of a connection between the chemical behaviour of 

 the classes and their inheritance. The purple anthocyanin appears to be that 

 form, which, in Lathyrus and Matthiola, is given when the B factor is present 

 in addition to C and E. The extreme purple is not found in Antirrhinum ; 

 hence in the latter case, when a blueing factor is present, as in the magenta 



