1909.] 



HcBm-agglutinins, etc., in the Blood. 



211 



In one instance, although normal serum haemolysed the immune red cells 

 during the patient's life, yet the action failed to take place with the immune 

 cells after death. In every case the serum had the same striking greenish 

 yellow coloration previously referred to. 



In of acute primary syphilis, normal human serum was found to 



cause a high degree of haemolysis in the presence of immune red cells, and 

 the immune serum had a somewhat similar although less marked action on 

 normal red cells. A similar result occurred in a case of acute pneumonia. 

 The imurane serum, when acting on normal red cells and the normal serum 

 on immune cells, showed a high and equal degree of haemolysis, while the 

 immune serum and immune red cells failed to react. 



These are the most important and striking results in the haemolytie 

 experiments, but it is necessary to emphasise the fact that many more positive- 

 results have been obtained than are quoted in the previous report, and those 

 which are of special importance occurred in the blood reactions of the typhoid 

 fever patients. 



In many of these experiments on haemolysis, and similarly in the 

 agglutination and phagocytic investigations, the chief interest centres around 

 the immune red cells. It is especially concerning these bodies that further 

 research is being conducted. 



Hcem-agglutinins. 



Attention has already been drawn to the fact that the same technique has 

 been adopted in all these experiments as previously given in detail in the 

 preliminary communication. 



I must again emphasise the rarity of auto-agglutination of red blood 

 corpuscles. With, one striking exception — that of a black man — no true 

 example has been met with. This case will be subsequently referred to- 

 rn detail. 



In every instance, without exception, iso-agglutination occurred whenever 

 iso-haemolysis was demonstrated. While the agglutination experiments were 

 being examined microscopically it was generally possible to detect the 

 haemolytic agglutinins from the pure agglutinins. In the former, many red 

 cells at the margin of the clumps were smaller than those centrally placed 

 and greatly resembled oil droplets. In the most striking instances, free 

 haemoglobin could be seen and numerous ghosts. 



Iso-agglutination was of common occurrence in many diseases, as stated in 

 the preliminary communication. This was especially so in typhoid fever and 

 tuberculosis. 



