472 Mr. J. H. Orton. Occurrence of Protandric [June 8, 



A glance at the Table shows that all the individuals at the proximal ends 

 of the chains are females, all the more distal individuals males, and those 

 in the middle of the chain hermaphrodites. In discussing the records with 

 Prof. Dendy, it occurred to us that the hermaphrodite condition appeared to 

 be a stage in the life-history of all the individuals, and that as the males 

 were the youngest, the hermaphroditism, if successive, must be protandric. 

 Prof. Dendy suggested that an examination of young specimens would settle 

 the matter. I immediately examined a collection of 48 young ones, and 

 found them to be all males. Subsequent!)-, 1000 young ones, namely, motile 

 forms of the average size of about 1 cm., have been examined and found to be 

 all males.* In a few cases the penis is a mere protuberance behind the 

 tentacle, but as these are the smallest individuals — even larger ones requiring 

 microscopical examination — they are doubtless the youngest males. 



Sex Relations in the Chains. 



A systematic examination of the sex relations of the individuals in the 

 chains was begun at this stage. Observations of about 350 chains were 

 recorded. A sample of the records made is shown in Table V (p. 476). 



At the outset of the examination, however, it was found necessary to adopt 

 additional categories to the S , § > an d ? ! for all stages were found on the 

 one hand between $ forms and <^'s with a rudimentary uterus, and on the 

 other hand between $ forms and ? 's with a rudimentary penis. The 

 number of stages found, however, intermediate between $ and £ was 

 small compared with the number of stages found intermediate between 

 ? and f. 



The following arbitrary categories were adopted : — 



Males with a rudimentary uterus are represented by 



the symbol S u.r. (= uterus rudimentary). 



See fig. 2, $ u. r. 



Forms intermediate between $ u.r. and § are repre- 

 sented by the symbol , $ u.s. (= uterus small). 



Females with a rudimentary penis are represented by 



the symbol ? P-r- (penis rudimentary). 



See fig. 2, $ p.r. 



Forms intermediate between § and ? p.r. are repre- 

 sented by the symbol § ps- (= penis small). 



Occasionally individuals were found with both a small p g (= peQig smaU and uterug 

 uterus and a small penis ; such are represented thus $ us small). 



In the records will be noticed here and there symbols which are bracketed, 

 and another symbol or series of symbols placed alongside, and enclosed with 



* As determined by the possession of a penis. 



