262 



Dr. A. E. Everest. 



warm water is added to a solution of the chloride in alcohol, which charac- 

 terise delphinidin, were readily observed with the author's product. 



In order to confirm further the identity of the substance, a portion was 

 converted into the picrate, which separated as bundles of fine red-brown 

 needles, which proved to be difficultly soluble in water; this agrees with 

 Willstatter and Mieg's description of delphinidin picrate. 



A further portion was treated exactly as specified by Willstatter and Weil 

 for the formation of their third hydrate of delphinidin chloride, and, under 

 these conditions, the author's product readily separated in the form of 

 beautiful brown needles, singly or in clusters, which coincided exactly with 

 the description and illustration given by Willstatter and Weil for the third 

 hydrate of delphinidin chloride (Ci5Hn07Cl,4H20). 



When another portion was treated as described by those authors for the 

 production of their fourth hydrate of delphinidin chloride (dsHnOyCl,! JHaO), 

 the changes described by them were clearly observed, viz., immediate pre- 

 cipitation of the amorphous product, followed by gradual change, on standing, 

 from the amorphous state into small well-defined crystals. In this case, 

 however, the author found it necessary to keep the product somewhat above 

 room-temperature, after the addition of the concentrated acid, in order to 

 obtain the change from amorphous to crystalline state. 



There can be no doubt that the author's anthocyanidin is identical with 

 delphinidin. 



Examination of the Yellow Sap-Pigment. 



The ether-alcohol liquors from the precipitation of the anthocyan pigment 

 were shaken with dry, precipitated calcium carbonate (BaCOs was found less 

 satisfactory), stood for about five minutes, filtered, and the ether, then 

 alcohol, distilled off from the liquors thus obtained. 



In order to discover the colour produced by the action of alkalis on the 

 flavone glucosides present in this concentrate, a test portion was evaporated 

 to dryness, extracted with ether, the ethereal extract (which contains waxes 

 in addition to flavone derivatives) washed quite free from anthocyans by 

 means of acid, then filtered, and finally shaken with dilute sodium carbonate 

 solution, when a clear yellow aqueous layer was formed. 



The bulk of the concentrate produced by removal of the ether and alcohol 

 from the liquors obtained from the precipitation of the anthocyan was 

 boiled with sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, whereby the glucosides were 

 hydrolysed, the product cooled and extracted with ether, into which the 

 waxes and flavone derivatives passed, whilst the anthocyanidin remained 

 almost quantitatively in the aqueous acid. The ether layer thus obtained, 



