The Mechanism of Ciliary Movement. 



Table II. — -The Effect of Pure Sodium Salt Solutions upon Ciliated 



Epithelia. 



Time. 



Anion. 



Ph. 



30 mins. 



1 hour. 



2 hours. 3 Lours. 5 hours. 



Tissue disorganised. ; 

 Cells much swollen. 

 Cilia destroyed. 



Tissue disorganised. 

 Cells much swollen. 

 Cilia destroyed. 



Tissue disorganised. 

 Cells much swollen. 

 Cilia destroyed. 



Chloride Some cilia i Cells consider - 



active. A little j ably swollen, 

 swelling. Some cilia 



destroyed. 



Nitrate A few cilia j Cells much 



active. Most , swollen. Few 

 ceils begin to : cilia left, 

 swell. 



Bromide A few cilia Cells much 



active. Most swollen. Few 

 cells begin to cilia left, 

 swell. 



Iodide 1 Nearly all Tissue disorganised. 



cells markedly Cells much swollen, 

 swollen. Cilia destroyed. 



Acetate No movement. No movement. 



Cells normal. 



Sulphate No movement : cells do not swell. Cilia remain healthy 



in appearance. 



Tartrate No movement : cells do not swell. Cilia remain healthy 



in appearance. 



Citrate No movement : cells do not swell. Cilia remain healthy 



in appearance. 



Cells slightlv swollen 



7- 8 

 7 8 



8- 



7 9 



8-0 

 7-8 

 7-8 



The effects of the various sodium salts upon the water-content of the cells is 

 ■precisely what one would expect from the effects of the same salts on the water- 

 content of such non-living colloid (/els as fibrin or gelatine. Such gels swell 

 readily in the presence of hydroxy! ions, but the uptake of water is affected 

 by different salts in precisely the same way as we have found for ciliated 

 cells. 



Xow, during life the interior of the cell is always more acid than the 

 external medium : although at the same time it must be remembered that 

 the cell colloids are on the alkaline side of their isoelectric point. Hence, 

 if the cell interior is allowed to come into contact with the external medium, 

 the amount of water taken up at any particular hydrogen ion concentration 

 will depend upon the nature of the anions present in the medium. This 

 is seen above actually to be the case, when the cells are put into pure 

 solutions of sodium salts. It is not the case when the cells are in a solution 



