1877.] On the Transformation of Leucoline into Aniline. 65 



cos cur=- 



sin (a-ir) 



+ 



cos a? 



COS 2i27 



cos dec 



8 2 -a a 

 COS 4o? 



sm ao?= 



2 sin (a7r) 



4 2 -a 2 

 + &C. 



sin a? 



P-a 3 



2 sin 2a? 

 ' 2 2 -a 2 



3 sin 3a; 

 " 3 2 -a 3 



4 sin 4a? 

 " 4 2 -a 8 

 + &c. 



II. w Studies in the Chine-line Series. — L Transformation of 

 Leucoline into Aniline/'' By Prof. James Dewar. Com- 

 municated by Prof. A. W. Williamson, Foreign Secretary of 

 the Royal Society. Received February 19, 1877. 



In a previous research* on the pyridine series of bases the formation 

 and properties of dicarbopyridinic acid were described. This acid 

 derivative is related to pyridine in the same manner as phthalic acid to 

 benzol. It was then pointed out that the members of the pyridine and 

 chinoline series bear to one another a similar relation to that of benzol 

 and naphthaline, the following analogies being given : — 



" rc 2 H 2 rc 6 H 4 rc 6 H 4 c 2 h 2 o,h,n 



^C 2 H 2 C 2 H 2 ^G 2 H 2 CNH C 2 H 2 



lC 2 H 2 [C 2 H 2 [0^ C 2 H 2 C 2 H 2 



Benzol. Naphthaline. Antlu'acene. Pyridine. Chinoline. 

 An extension of the work was promised in support of these theoretical 

 relations. 



Our knowledge of the chinoline series has made little progress since 

 the masterly and exhaustive investigation of Grreville Williams f , proving 

 the isomerism of the tar ,and cinchona bases. The relations of these 

 bodies are still very obscure, owing to the great stability of the bases 

 preventing the formation of derivatives of a simpler type. Indeed 

 some of the most interesting products obtained from these bases, such as 



* " On the Oxidation Products of Picoline," Trans. Eoyal Soc. Edinb. vol. xxvi. 



t Trans. Eoyal Soc. Edinb. vol. xxi. 

 VOL. XXVI. F 



