No. 535] NOTES AND LITERATURE 



i:>7 



1911, Barton A. Bean and Alfred C. Weed discuss the habits of 

 the electric ray, Narcine brasiliensis. 



In the same Proceedings, for 1911, Dr. Hugh M. Smith and 

 Lewis Radcliffe describe three new species of butterfly fishes from 

 the Philippines. 



In the Mnnoins <h VAcadnnic h'oyalf dcs Sciences et des 

 Lettres de Danemark, Dr. Hector F. E. Jungersen describes in 

 great detail the anatomy of the pipefishes and trumpet fishes, and 

 their relatives. In this, numerous errors of interpretation made 

 by different authors are corrected, and the paper is one of high 

 merit. 



In the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Vol. VII, 

 1911, Mr. C. Tate Regan discusses the fishes related to the silver 

 gar and flying fish, in the order of Synentognathi. He recognizes 

 two suborders, the one containing the families of Belonida? and 

 Scomberesodina?, the other containing: the I It-niirhamphina? and 

 Exocoetidae. He suggests the close relation or possible identity 

 of the fossil genus Cdbitopsis with Chriodorus. Regan regards 

 Esox lucius, the supposed Esox of Pliny, as the type of Esox. 

 He retains Belonc for the European silver gar, rejecting Ram- 

 phistoma as a nomen nudum. 



In the same A muds. Mr. Iieg;m describes the new order Micro- 

 cyprini, containing the Amblyopsida? and the Pceciliida?, each of 

 which families represents with him a distinct suborder. This 

 leaves in the order of Haplomi only three families, the Esocidae, 

 Umbridae and Dalliidae. He thinks that the Haplomi are related 

 to the isospondylous fishes, while the Microcyprini are nearer to 

 the Synentognathi. Mr. Regan notes that the genera Rctropinna, 

 Microstoma and Salanx lack the mesocoracoid characteristics of 

 the other salmon-like fishes. Nevertheless, he regards these along 

 with the fresh-water trout-like fishes of the southern hemisphere, 

 the Galaxiidffi and the Haplochitonidae, as true Salmonoids, al- 

 though these latter have also lost the mesocoracoid. The fossil 

 family of Enchodontidae, Regan regards as an ally of the 

 Stomiatidae. The Kneriidffi he regards as near to the Chanuke. 

 Regan regards Panchax as a genus distinct from AplocJu ihis. 

 Aploc/tcilus originally contained two distinct types, but the name 

 was definitely restricted by Bleeker to the group having no 

 vomerine teeth. Oryzias, which belongs to the latter group, 

 Regan regards as a synonym of Hapl»< //Has. Apparently the 

 short jaws of Oryzias should distinguish it from Aplocheilus, 

 though it may be identical with some of the African genera. 



In the same Annals, Mr. Regan discusses the order of Salmo- 



